USA1 - Microporous breathable film and method of making the microporous breathable film - Google Patents

Microporous breathable film and method of making the microporous breathable film Download PDF

Info

Publication number

USA1

USA1 US18/524,734 USA USA1 US A1 US A1 US A1 US A US A US A US A1 US A1 US A1

Authority

US

United States

Prior art keywords

microporous breathable

gsm

grams

breathable film

film

Prior art date

-07-10

Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)

Pending

Application number

US18/524,734

Inventor

Jeffrey Alan Middlesworth

Brooke D. Kitzmiller

Bradley SONNENTAG

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Berry Global Inc

Original Assignee

Berry Plastics Corp

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

-07-10

Filing date

-11-30

Publication date

-03-28

-11-30 Application filed by Berry Plastics Corp filed Critical Berry Plastics Corp

-11-30 Priority to US18/524,734 priority Critical patent/USA1/en

-03-28 Publication of USA1 publication Critical patent/USA1/en

-05-30 Assigned to U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION reassignment U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AVINTIV SPECIALTY MATERIALS, LLC, BERRY FILM PRODUCTS COMPANY, INC., BERRY GLOBAL FILMS, LLC, BERRY GLOBAL, INC., BPREX HEALTHCARE PACKAGING INC., FIBERWEB, LLC, LETICA CORPORATION, PLIANT, LLC, PROVIDENCIA USA, INC

-11-05 Assigned to AVINTIV SPECIALTY MATERIALS, LLC (F/K/A AVINTIV SPECIALTY MATERIALS INC.; F/K/A POLYMER GROUP, INC.), FIBERWEB, LLC., PROVIDENCIA USA, INC., BERRY FILM PRODUCTS COMPANY, INC. reassignment AVINTIV SPECIALTY MATERIALS, LLC (F/K/A AVINTIV SPECIALTY MATERIALS INC.; F/K/A POLYMER GROUP, INC.) RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

-05-04 Assigned to BERRY FILM PRODUCTS COMPANY, INC., BPREX HEALTHCARE PACKAGING INC., FIBERWEB, LLC, LETICA CORPORATION, AVINTIV SPECIALTY MATERIALS INC., PLIANT, LLC, BERRY GLOBAL FILMS, LLC, PROVIDENCIA USA, INC. reassignment BERRY FILM PRODUCTS COMPANY, INC. RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

-05-05 Assigned to BERRY GLOBAL FILMS, LLC, BERRY FILM PRODUCTS COMPANY, INC., PLIANT, LLC, FIBERWEB, LLC, PROVIDENCIA USA, INC., AVINTIV SPECIALTY MATERIALS INC., LETICA CORPORATION, BPREX HEALTHCARE PACKAGING INC. reassignment BERRY GLOBAL FILMS, LLC RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

Status Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

• USPTO
• USPTO PatentCenter
• USPTO Assignment
• Espacenet
• Global Dossier
• Discuss

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Classifications

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  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L/00—Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
  • B29L/008—Wide strips, e.g. films, webs
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L/00—Layered products
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B/70—Other properties
  • B32B/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B/70—Other properties
  • B32B/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to polymeric materials, and particularly to polymeric films. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to microporous breathable films formed from polymeric material and filler.
• a microporous breathable film is made using a manufacturing process.
• the manufacturing process comprises the steps of extruding a composition to form a molten web, casting the molten web to form a quenched film, and stretching the quenched film to form the microporous breathable film.
• the composition extruded to form the molten web comprises a polyolefin and an inorganic filler.
• the quenched film is formed by casting the molten web against a surface of a chill roll using a vacuum box and/or blowing air (e.g., an air knife and/or an air blanket).
• a microporous breathable film comprising a polyolefin and an inorganic filler dispersed in the polyolefin has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm.
• the microporous breathable film also has a Dart Impact Strength of at least about 75 grams.
• a multi-layer breathable barrier film comprises at least one microporous breathable film layer according to the present disclosure and at least one moisture-permeable barrier layer.
• the at least one moisture-permeable barrier layer comprises a hygroscopic polymer.
• a personal hygiene product comprises at least one inner microporous breathable film and at least one outer non-woven layer.
• the at least one inner microporous breathable film is configured to contact skin and/or clothing of a user of the personal hygiene product.
• FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a representative embodiment of a microporous breathable film that includes one layer;
• FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of an exemplary process for machine direction (MD) stretching of a polymeric film
• FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of an exemplary process for cross-directional (CD) stretching of a polymeric film
• FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view of an exemplary process for intermeshing gears (IMG) stretching of a polymeric film
• FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of an exemplary process for casting a molten web against a chill roll using a vacuum box;
• FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic view of an exemplary process for casting a molten web against a chill roll using an air knife
• FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic view of a representative embodiment of a multi-layer breathable barrier film that includes three layers.
• FIG. 1 A first embodiment of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure is shown, for example, in FIG. 1 .
• Microporous breathable film 2 includes a thermoplastic polymer 4 and a solid filler 6 dispersed in the thermoplastic polymer 4 .
• the microporous breathable film 2 includes a combination of two or more thermoplastic polymers 4 and/or a combination of two or more solid fillers 6 .
• the microporous breathable film 2 includes an interconnected network of micropores 8 formed in the thermoplastic polymer resin 4 .
• the micropores 8 are smaller in size than the size of a typical water droplet but larger in size than a water vapor molecule.
• micropores 8 permit the passage of water vapor but minimize or block the passage of liquid water.
• Two representative pathways for the transmission of water vapor through the microporous breathable film 2 are shown by the dashed lines 10 and 12 in FIG. 1 .
• a precursor film containing a thermoplastic polymer 4 and a solid filler 6 dispersed in the thermoplastic polymer 4 may be produced by either a cast film process or a blown film process.
• the film thus produced may then be stretched by one or more stretching processes.
• the stretching process moves (e.g., pulls) polymeric material away from the surface of solid filler dispersed therein, thereby forming the micropores 8 .
• stretching may be achieved via machine direction (MD) orientation by a process analogous to that shown in simplified schematic form in FIG. 2 .
• the film 14 shown in FIG. 2 may be passed between at least two pairs of rollers in the direction of an arrow 15 .
• first roller 16 and a first nip 20 run at a slower speed (V 1 ) than the speed (V 2 ) of a second roller 18 and a second nip 22 .
• V 1 slower speed
• V 2 speed of a second roller 18 and a second nip 22
• the ratio of V 2 /V 1 determines the degree to which the film 14 is stretched. Since there may be enough drag on the roll surface to prevent slippage, the process may alternatively be run with the nips open.
• the first nip 20 and the second nip 22 are optional.
• stretching may be achieved via transverse or cross-directional (CD) stretching by a process analogous to that shown in simplified schematic form in FIG. 3 .
• the film 24 shown in FIG. 3 may be moved in the direction of the arrow 28 while being stretched sideways on a tenter frame in the directions of doubled-headed arrow 30 .
• the tenter frame includes a plurality of attachment mechanisms 26 configured for gripping the film 24 along its side edges.
• stretching may be achieved via intermeshing gears (IMG) stretching by a process analogous to the one shown in simplified schematic form in FIG. 4 .
• IMG intermeshing gears
• a film 32 may be moved between a pair of grooved or toothed rollers as shown in FIG. 4 in the direction of arrow 33 .
• the first toothed roller 34 may be rotated in a clockwise direction while the second toothed roller 36 may be rotated in a counterclockwise direction.
• localized stresses may be applied that stretch the film 32 and introduce interconnecting micropores therein analogous to the micropores 8 shown in FIG. 1 .
• the film 32 may be stretched in the machine direction (MD), the cross direction (CD), at oblique angles to the MD, or in any combination thereof.
• a precursor film containing a thermoplastic polymer 4 and a solid filler 6 dispersed in the polymer 4 that is stretched to form a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure may be prepared by mixing together the thermoplastic polymer 4 (or a combination of thermoplastic polymers 4 ), the solid filler 6 , and any optional components until blended, heating the mixture, and then extruding the mixture to form a molten web.
• a suitable film-forming process may be used to form a precursor film en route to forming a microporous breathable film.
• the precursor film may be manufactured by casting or extrusion using blown-film, co-extrusion, or single-layer extrusion techniques and/or the like.
• the precursor film may be wound onto a winder roll for subsequent stretching in accordance with the present disclosure.
• the precursor film may be manufactured in-line with a film stretching apparatus such as shown in one or more of FIGS. 2 - 4 .
• the precursor film may also contain other optional components to improve the film properties or processing of the film.
• Representative optional components include, but are not limited to, anti-oxidants (e.g., added to prevent polymer degradation and/or to reduce the tendency of the film to discolor over time) and processing aids (e.g., added to facilitate extrusion of the precursor film).
• the amount of one or more anti-oxidants in the precursor film is less than about 1% by weight of the film and the amount of one or more processing aids is less than about 5% by weight of the film.
• Additional optional additives include but are not limited to whitening agents (e.g., titanium dioxide), which may be added to increase the opacity of the film.
• the amount of one or more whitening agents is less than about 10% by weight of the film.
• Further optional components include but are not limited to antiblocking agents (e.g., diatomaceous earth) and slip agents (e.g. erucamide a.k.a. erucylamide), which may be added to allow film rolls to unwind properly and to facilitate secondary processing (e.g., diaper making).
• the amount of one or more antiblocking agents and/or one or more slip agents is less than about 5% by weight of the film.
• Further additional optional additives include but are not limited to scents, deodorizers, pigments other than white, noise reducing agents, and/or the like, and combinations thereof.
• the amount of one or more scents, deodorizers, pigments other than white, and/or noise reducing agents is less than about 10% by weight of the film.
• the precursor film Prior to stretching, the precursor film may have an initial basis weight of less than about 100 grams per square meter (gsm). In one example, the precursor film has an initial basis weight of less than about 75 gsm.
• the precursor film may be a monolayer film, in which case the entire precursor film comprises the thermoplastic polymer (or combination of thermoplastic polymers) and solid filler (or combination of solid fillers). In another example, the precursor film may be a multilayer film as suggested in FIG. 7 .
• a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure is formed via a blown film process.
• a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure is formed via a cast film process.
• the cast film process involves the extrusion of molten polymers through an extrusion die to form a thin film.
• the film is pinned to the surface of a chill roll with an air knife, an air blanket, and/or a vacuum box.
• a process for making a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure includes (a) extruding a composition containing a thermoplastic polymer 4 and a solid filler 6 to form a molten web, (b) casting the molten web against a surface of a chill roll using an air knife, an air blanket, a vacuum box, or a combination thereof to form a quenched film, and (c) stretching the quenched film to form the microporous breathable film 2 .
• microporous breathable films 2 exhibiting surprisingly and unexpectedly improved properties as compared to other microporous breathable films may be prepared.
• these properties may include reduced basis weight, increased Dart Impact Strength, increased strain at peak machine direction, reduced alcohol penetration as measured by Pressure Penetration Through a Fabric (PPT) testing, reduced bonding force needed to achieve a destruct bond in ultrasonic sealing, and/or the like, and combinations thereof.
• the molten web is cast against the surface of the chill roll under negative pressure using a vacuum box as shown in simplified schematic form in FIG. 5 .
• a vacuum box works by evacuating air between the film and the surface of the chill roll.
• a film 46 is extruded from an extrusion die 40 in the direction of arrow 47 and quenched from the molten state with a vacuum box 42 .
• the vacuum box 42 draws a vacuum behind the molten web 46 in the direction of arrow 44 to draw the film 46 down onto the chill roll 38 .
• the vacuum drawn in the direction of arrow 44 removes the entrained air between the surface of the chill roll 38 and the film 46 .
• the vacuum box process is not subject to draw resonance for high molecular weight polymers that would tend to extrude unstable thickness in a nipped quench process due to the draw resonance phenomenon.
• the molten polymer may exit the die 40 and hit the chill roll 38 within a smaller distance than in an embossed process.
• the melt curtain is configured to hit the chill roll 38 within a distance of less than about 12 inches, 11 inches, 10 inches, 9 inches, 8 inches, 7 inches, 6 inches, 5 inches, 4 inches, 3, inches, 2 inches, or 1 inch.
• the melt curtain is configured to exit the die and hit the roll within a distance of less than about 3 inches and, in some examples, within a distance of about or less than 1 inch.
• One advantage of reducing the distance between the die 40 and the roll surface 38 as compared to in a nipped quench process is that smaller distances are less susceptible to the phenomenon of neck-in.
• Neck-in refers to a reduction in width of the molten web that occurs as the web leaves the die.
• the molten web is cast against the surface of the chill roll under positive pressure using an air knife or air blanket, as shown in simplified schematic form in FIG. 6 .
• An air knife works to promote web quenching by gently blowing a high-velocity, low-volume air curtain over the molten film, thereby pinning the molten film to the chill roll for solidification.
• a film 54 is extruded from an extrusion die 50 in the direction of arrow 55 and quenched from the molten state with an air knife 52 blowing an air curtain over the molten film 54 , thereby pinning the molten web 54 against a surface of the chill roll 48 .
• An air blanket (a.k.a. soft box) works similarly to an air knife and promotes web quenching by gently blowing an air curtain over the molten film. However, in the case of an air blanket, the air curtain is low velocity and high volume.
• the molten web is cast against the surface of the chill roll under a combination of negative pressure from a vacuum box, as shown in FIG. 5 , and positive pressure from an air knife, as shown in FIG. 6 .
• an exit temperature of cooling fluid passing through the chill roll is between about 50 degrees Fahrenheit and about 130 degrees Fahrenheit and, in some examples, between about 75 degrees Fahrenheit and about 130 degrees Fahrenheit.
• thermoplastic polymer 4 used to make a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure is not restricted, and may include all manner of thermoplastic polymers capable of being stretched and of forming micropores.
• the thermoplastic polymer is a polyolefin, including but not limited to homopolymers, copolymers, terpolymers, and/or blends thereof.
• LDPE low density polyethylene
• HDPE high density polyethylene
• LLDPE linear low density polyethylene
• ULDPE ultra-low density polyethylene
• polypropylene ethylene-propylene copolymers
• polymers made using a single-site catalyst ethylene maleic anhydride copolymers (EMAs), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (EVAs), polymers made using Zeigler-Natta catalysts, styrene-containing block copolymers, and/or the like, and combinations thereof.
• EMAs ethylene maleic anhydride copolymers
• EVAs ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers
• Zeigler-Natta catalysts Zeigler-Natta catalysts
• styrene-containing block copolymers and/or the like, and combinations thereof.
• ULDPE may be produced by a variety of processes, including but not limited to gas phase, solution and slurry polymerization as described in The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology , pp. 748-50 (Aaron L. Brody et al. eds., 2nd Ed. ), incorporated by reference above, except that in the event of any inconsistent disclosure or definition from the present specification, the disclosure or definition herein shall be deemed to prevail.
• ULDPE may be manufactured using a Ziegler-Natta catalyst, although a number of other catalysts may also be used.
• ULDPE may be manufactured with a metallocene catalyst.
• ULDPE may be manufactured with a catalyst that is a hybrid of a metallocene catalyst and a Ziegler-Natta catalyst.
• Methods for manufacturing ULDPE are also described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,399,426, 4,668,752, 3,058,963, 2,905,645, 2,862,917, and 2,699,457, each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, except that in the event of any inconsistent disclosure or definition from the present specification, the disclosure or definition herein shall be deemed to prevail.
• the density of ULDPE is achieved by copolymerizing ethylene with a sufficient amount of one or more monomers.
• the monomers are selected from 1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-octene, and combinations thereof.
• Methods for manufacturing polypropylene are described in Kirk - Othmer Concise Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology , pp. - (Jacqueline I. Kroschwitz et al. eds., 4th Ed. ), which is incorporated herein by reference, except that in the event of any inconsistent disclosure or definition from the present specification, the disclosure or definition herein shall be deemed to prevail.
• a polyolefin for use in accordance with the present disclosure includes polyethylene, polypropylene, or a combination thereof.
• the polyethylene includes linear low density polyethylene which, in some embodiments, includes a metallocene polyethylene.
• the polyethylene includes a combination of linear low density polyethylene and low density polyethylene.
• the polyolefin consists essentially of only linear low density polyethylene.
• thermoplastic polymer e.g., polyolefin
• a composition to be extruded in accordance with the present disclosure further includes a solid filler.
• the solid filler is not restricted, and may include all manner of inorganic or organic materials that are (a) non-reactive with thermoplastic polymer, (b) configured for being uniformly blended and dispersed in the thermoplastic polymer, and (c) configured to promote a microporous structure within the film when the film is stretched.
• the solid filler includes an inorganic filler.
• Representative inorganic fillers for use in accordance with the present disclosure include but are not limited to sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, alumina, mica, talc, silica, clay (e.g., non-swellable clay), glass spheres, titanium dioxide, aluminum hydroxide, zeolites, and a combination thereof.
• the inorganic filler includes an alkali metal carbonate, an alkaline earth metal carbonate, an alkali metal sulfate, an alkaline earth metal sulfate, or a combination thereof.
• the inorganic filler includes calcium carbonate.
• the solid filler includes a polymer (e.g., high molecular weight high density polyethylene, polystyrene, nylon, blends thereof, and/or the like).
• a polymer e.g., high molecular weight high density polyethylene, polystyrene, nylon, blends thereof, and/or the like.
• the use of polymer fillers creates domains within the thermoplastic polymer matrix. These domains are small areas, which may be spherical, where only the polymer filler is present as compared to the remainder of the thermoplastic matrix where no polymer filler is present. As such, these domains act as particles.
• the solid filler 6 provided in a composition to be extruded in accordance with the present disclosure may be used to produce micropores 8 of film 2 , as shown in FIG. 1 .
• the dimensions of the solid filler 6 particles may be varied based on a desired end use (e.g., the desired properties of the microporous breathable film 2 ).
• the average particle size of a solid filler particle ranges from about 0.1 microns to about 15 microns. In illustrative embodiments, the average particle size ranges from about 1 micron to about 5 microns and, in some examples, from about 1 micron to about 3 microns.
• the average particle size may be one of several different values or fall within one of several different ranges.
• an average particle size of the solid filler to be one of the following values: about 0.1 microns, 0.2 microns, 0.3 microns, 0.4 microns, 0.5 microns, 0.6 microns, 0.7 microns, 0.8 microns, 0.9 microns, 1.0 microns, 1.1 microns, 1.2 microns, 1.3 microns, 1.4 microns, 1.5 microns, 1.6 microns, 1.7 microns, 1.8 microns, 1.9 microns, 2.0 microns, 2.1 microns, 2.2 microns, 2.3 microns, 2.4 microns, 2.5 microns, 2.6 microns, 2.7 microns, 2.8 microns, 2.9 microns, 3.0 microns, 3.5 microns, 4.0 microns, 4.5 microns, 5.0 microns, 5.5 microns, 6.0 microns, 6.5 microns, 7.0 micron
• the average particle size of the solid filler 6 provided in a composition to be extruded in accordance with the present disclosure is in one of the following ranges: about 0.1 microns to 15 microns, 0.1 microns to 14 microns, 0.1 microns to 13 microns, 0.1 microns to 12 microns, 0.1 microns to 11 microns, 0.1 microns to 10 microns, 0.1 microns to 9 microns, 0.1 microns to 8 microns, 0.1 microns to 7 microns, 0.1 microns to 6 microns, 0.1 microns to 5 microns, 0.1 microns to 4 microns, and 0.1 microns to 3 microns.
• the average particle size of the solid filler 6 is in one of the following ranges: about 0.1 microns to 5 microns, 0.2 microns to 5 microns, 0.3 microns to 5 microns, 0.4 microns to 5 microns, 0.5 microns to 5 microns, 0.6 microns to 5 microns, 0.7 microns to 5 microns, 0.8 microns to 5 microns, 0.9 microns to 5 microns, and 1.0 microns to 5 microns.
• the average particle size of the solid filler 6 is in one of the following ranges: about 0.1 microns to 4.9 microns, 0.2 microns to 4.8 microns, 0.3 microns to 4.7 microns, 0.4 microns to 4.6 microns, 0.5 microns to 4.5 microns, 0.6 microns to 4.4 microns, 0.7 microns to 4.3 microns, 0.8 microns to 4.2 microns, 0.9 microns to 4.1 microns, and 1.0 microns to 4.0 microns.
• the amount of solid filler used in accordance with the present disclosure includes from about 30% by weight to about 75% by weight of the composition to be extruded, quenched film formed from the extruded composition, and/or microporous breathable film formed from the quenched film. In further illustrative embodiments, the amount of solid filler used in accordance with the present disclosure includes from about 50% by weight to about 75% by weight of the composition to be extruded, quenched film formed from the extruded composition, and/or microporous breathable film formed from the quenched film.
• filler may also be employed, an amount of solid filler that is less than about 30% by weight may not be sufficient to impart uniform breathability to a film. Conversely, amounts of filler greater than about 75% by weight may be difficult to blend with the polymer and may cause a loss in strength in the final microporous breathable film.
• the amount of solid filler 6 may be varied based on a desired end use (e.g., the desired properties of the microporous breathable film 2 ). In one example, the amount of solid filler 6 ranges from about 40% to about 60% by weight of the composition, quenched film, and/or microporous breathable film. In another example, the amount of solid filler 6 ranges from about 45% to about 55% by weight of the composition, quenched film, and/or microporous breathable film. The amount of solid filler 6 may be one of several different values or fall within one of several different ranges.
• an amount of the solid filler 6 is one of the following values: about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, or 75% by weight of the composition, quenched film, and/or microporous breathable film.
• the amount of the solid filler 6 is in one of the following ranges: about 31% to 75%, 32% to 75%, 33% to 75%, 34% to 75%, 35% to 75%, 36% to 75%, 37% to 75%, 38% to 75%, 39% to 75%, 40% to 75%, 41% to 75%, 42% to 75%, 43% to 75%, 44% to 75%, and 45% to 75% by weight of the composition, quenched film, and/or microporous breathable film.
• the amount of the solid filler is in one of the following ranges: about 30% to 74%, 30% to 73%, 30% to 72%, 30% to 71%, 30% to 70%, 30% to 69%, 30% to 68%, 30% to 67%, 30% to 66%, 30% to 65%, 30% to 64%, 30% to 63%, 30% to 62%, 30% to 61%, 30% to 60%, 30% to 59%, 30% to 58%, 30% to 57%, 30% to 56%, 30% to 55%, 30% to 54%, 30% to 53%, 30% to 52%, 30% to 51%, 30% to 50%, 30% to 49%, 30% to 48%, 30% to 47%, 30% to 46%, and 30% to 45% by weight of the composition, quenched film, and/or microporous breathable film.
• the amount of the solid filler is in one of the following ranges: about 31% to 74%, 32% to 73%, 33% to 72%, 34% to 71%, 35% to 70%, 36% to 69%, 37% to 68%, 38% to 67%, 39% to 66%, 40% to 65%, 41% to 64%, 42% to 63%, 43% to 62%, 44% to 61%, 45% to 60%, 45% to 59%, 45% to 58%, 45% to 57%, 45% to 56%, and 45% to 55% by weight of the composition, quenched film, and/or microporous breathable film.
• filler loading may be conveniently expressed in terms of weight percentages
• the phenomenon of microporosity may alternatively be described in terms of volume percent of filler relative to total volume.
• 35% by weight CaCO 3 corresponds to a filler loading of about 15% by volume ⁇ (0.35/2.7)/(0.65/0.9+0.35/2.7) ⁇ .
• the 75 weight percent upper end of the range described above corresponds to about 56% by volume of CaCO 3 .
• the amount of filler may be adjusted to provide comparable volume percentages for alternative solid fillers that have different (e.g., unusually low or high) specific gravities as compared to calcium carbonate.
• the filler particles may be coated with a fatty acid and/or other suitable processing acid.
• Representative fatty acids for use in this context include but are not limited to stearic acid or longer chain fatty acids.
• the stretching includes MD stretching.
• the stretching includes CD IMG stretching.
• the stretching includes MD IMG stretching.
• the stretching includes cold draw.
• the stretching includes a combination of two or more different types of stretching including but not limited to MD stretching, CD IMG stretching, MD IMG stretching, cold draw, and/or the like.
• the stretching includes a combination of CD IMG stretching and cold draw (which, in some embodiments, is performed subsequently to the CD IMG stretching).
• the type of stretching used to transform a quenched film into a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure includes CD IMG stretching.
• at least a portion of the stretching is performed at a temperature above ambient temperature. In one example, at least a portion of the stretching is performed at a temperature of between about 60 degrees Fahrenheit and about 200 degrees Fahrenheit.
• a process for making a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure further includes (d) annealing the microporous breathable film 2 .
• the annealing is performed at a temperature of between about 75 degrees Fahrenheit and about 225 degrees Fahrenheit.
• a microporous breathable film 2 prepared in accordance with the present disclosure may have reduced basis weight, increased Dart Impact Strength, increased strain at peak machine direction, reduced alcohol penetration as measured by PPT testing, and/or reduced bonding force needed to achieve a destruct bond in ultrasonic sealing, as compared to conventional microporous breathable films.
• the basis weight of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure may be varied based on a desired end use (e.g., the desired properties and/or applications of the microporous breathable film). In one example, the basis weight ranges from about 5 gsm to about 30 gsm. In another example, the basis weight ranges from about 6 gsm to about 25 gsm. In illustrative embodiments, the basis weight is less than about 14 gsm and, in some examples, less than about 12 gsm.
• basis weights outside this range may also be employed (e.g., basis weights above about 30 gsm), lower basis weights minimize material cost as well as maximize consumer satisfaction (e.g., a thinner film may provide increased comfort to the user of a personal hygiene product that includes the film).
• the basis weight of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure may be one of several different values or fall within one of several different ranges.
• a basis weight to be one of the following values: about 30 gsm, 29 gsm, 28 gsm, 27 gsm, 26 gsm, 25 gsm, 24 gsm, 23 gsm, 22 gsm, 21 gsm, 20 gsm, 19 gsm, 18 gsm, 17 gsm, 16 gsm, 15 gsm, 14 gsm, 13 gsm, 12 gsm, 11 gsm, 10 gsm, 9 gsm, 8 gsm, 7 gsm, 6 gsm, or 5 gsm.
• the basis weight of the microporous breathable film 2 is in one of the following ranges: about 5 gsm to 30 gsm, 6 gsm to 30 gsm, 7 gsm to 30 gsm, 8 gsm to 30 gsm, 9 gsm to 30 gsm, 10 gsm to 30 gsm, 11 gsm to 30 gsm, 12 gsm to 30 gsm, 13 gsm to 30 gsm, and 14 gsm to 30 gsm.
• the basis weight of the microporous breathable film is in one of the following ranges: about 5 gsm to 29 gsm, 5 gsm to 28 gsm, 5 gsm to 27 gsm, 5 gsm to 26 gsm, 5 gsm to 25 gsm, 5 gsm to 24 gsm, 5 gsm to 23 gsm, 5 gsm to 22 gsm, 5 gsm to 21 gsm, 5 gsm to 20 gsm, 5 gsm to 19 gsm, 5 gsm to 18 gsm, 5 gsm to 17 gsm, 5 gsm to 16 gsm, 5 gsm to 15 gsm, 5 gsm to 14 gsm, 5 gsm to 13 gsm, 5 gsm to 12 gsm, 5 gsm to 11
• the basis weight of the microporous breathable film 2 is in one of the following ranges: about 6 gsm to 29 gsm, 7 gsm to 29 gsm, 7 gsm to 28 gsm, 7 gsm to 27 gsm, 7 gsm to 26 gsm, 7 gsm to 25 gsm, 7 gsm to 24 gsm, 7 gsm to 23 gsm, 7 gsm to 22 gsm, 7 gsm to 21 gsm, 7 gsm to 20 gsm, 7 gsm to 19 gsm, 7 gsm to 18 gsm, 7 gsm to 17 gsm, 7 gsm to 16 gsm, 7 gsm to 15 gsm, 7 gsm to 14 gsm, and 7 gsm to 13 gsm.
• a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure exhibits a greater Dart Impact Strength than conventional microporous breathable films of similar basis weight.
• the basis weight of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure may be varied based on a desired Dart Impact Strength.
• a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm and a Dart Impact Strength of at least about 50 grams.
• a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm and a Dart Impact Strength of at least about 75 grams.
• a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm and a Dart Impact Strength of at least about 90 grams.
• the Dart Impact Strength of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure may be one of several different values or fall within one of several different ranges.
• the Dart Impact Strength of the microporous breathable film 2 is in one of many different ranges.
• a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure exhibits a greater strain at peak machine direction than conventional microporous breathable films of similar basis weight.
• the basis weight of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure may be varied based on a desired strain at peak machine direction.
• a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm and a strain at peak machine direction of at least about 75%.
• a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm and a strain at peak machine direction of at least about 100%.
• a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm and a strain at peak machine direction of at least about 125%.
• the strain at peak machine direction of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure may be one of several different values or fall within one of several different ranges.
• the strain at peak machine direction of the microporous breathable film 2 is in one of many different ranges.
• a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure exhibits reduced alcohol penetration as measured by Pressure Penetration Through a Fabric (PPT) testing.
• PPT testing the imperviousness of a film is quantified in relation to the degree to which a dye-containing alcohol penetrates the film.
• the amount of alcohol penetration may, in turn, be measured as the percentage of blotter paper surface area that contains red blots after a nonwoven material saturated with red dye is overlaid on a film and a weight is applied.
• the PPT test is further described in the Examples section below as well as in U.S. Pat. No. 9,174,420 B2, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein, except that in the event of any inconsistent disclosure or definition from the present specification, the disclosure or definition herein shall be deemed to prevail.
• the basis weight of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure may be varied based on a desired degree of alcohol penetration of the film as measured by PPT testing.
• a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 20 gsm and an alcohol penetration of less than about 12% as measured by PPT testing.
• a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 17 gsm and an alcohol penetration of less than about 12% as measured by PPT testing.
• a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 12 gsm and an alcohol penetration of less than about 11% as measured by PPT testing.
• the alcohol penetration of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure as measured by PPT testing may be one of several different values or fall within one of several different ranges.
• the alcohol penetration of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure as measured by PPT testing is also within the scope of the present disclosure for the alcohol penetration of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure as measured by PPT testing to fall within one of many different ranges.
• a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure is essentially impervious to one or more of water, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, body fluids (e.g., blood, body fats and oils, saliva, menses, feces, urine, and/or the like), and surfactant-containing disinfectants.
• the microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has an isopropyl alcohol penetration of less than about 10%, in some embodiments less than about 5%, and in some embodiments less than about 2%.
• a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure is essentially impervious to alcohol (e.g., isopropyl alcohol).
• a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure exhibits reduced bonding force to achieve a destruct bond.
• the destruct bond refers to a strong bond between two materials (e.g., a microporous breathable film 2 or multi-layer breathable barrier film 56 in accordance with the present disclosure bonded to a nonwoven layer), such that an attempt to separate the two materials (e.g., by pulling) damages one of the materials (e.g., the bonding agent is stronger than the materials that are bonded together).
• the basis weight of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure may be varied based on a desired bonding force.
• a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 20 gsm and a bonding force less than about Newtons for a 150-mm wide horn.
• a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 17 gsm and a bonding force less than about Newtons for a 150-mm wide horn.
• a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 12 gsm and a bonding force less than about Newtons for a 150-mm wide horn.
• the bonding force of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure may be one of several different values or fall within one of several different ranges.
• the bonding force of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure is in one of many different ranges.
• the bonding force for a microporous breathable film having a basis weight of less than or equal to about 20 gsm—in some embodiments, less than or equal to about 19 gsm, 18 gsm, 17 gsm, 16 gsm, 15 gsm, 14 gsm, 13 gsm, 12 gsm, 11 gsm, 10 gsm, or 9 gsm— is in one of the following ranges for a 150-mm wide horn: about 300 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to Newton
• a multilayer microporous breathable film includes a core layer and one or more outer skin layers adjacent to the core layer.
• the core layer may resemble the film 2 shown in FIG. 1 and include a thermoplastic polymer (or combination of thermoplastic polymers) and a solid filler (or combination of solid fillers) dispersed therein, whereas the one or more outer skin layers may have either the same composition as the core or a different composition than the core.
• the skin layers may be independently selected from compositions designed to minimize the levels of volatiles building up on the extrusion die.
• the core layer becomes microporous and breathable, while the skin layers may or may not be breathable depending upon whether or not they contain a solid filler.
• the thickness and composition of one or more skin layers in a multilayer version of a microporous breathable film are selected so that, when the precursor film is subsequently stretched, the resulting film is still breathable.
• a pair of skin layers sandwiching a core layer are relatively thin and together account for no more than about 30% of the total film thickness.
• the skin layer may still be breathable.
• the skin layer may include one or more discontinuities that are introduced during the stretching process. The likelihood of discontinuities forming in a skin layer may increase as the thickness of the skin layer subjected to stretching decreases.
• a multi-layer microporous breathable films in accordance with the present disclosure may be manufactured by feed block coextrusion.
• a multi-layer microporous breathable films in accordance with the present disclosure may be made by blown film (tubular) coextrusion.
• Methods for feed block and blown film extrusion are described in The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology , pp. 233-238 (Aaron L. Brody et al. eds., 2nd Ed. ), which is incorporated herein by reference, except that in the event of any inconsistent disclosure or definition from the present specification, the disclosure or definition herein shall be deemed to prevail.
• Methods for film extrusion are also described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,265,055, the entire contents of which are likewise incorporated by reference herein, except that in the event of any inconsistent disclosure or definition from the present specification, the disclosure or definition herein shall be deemed to prevail.
• the present disclosure provides microporous breathable films (e.g., mono-layer or multi-layer). In other embodiments, the present disclosure further provides multi-layer breathable barrier films.
• a multi-layer breathable barrier film 56 is shown, for example, in FIG. 7 .
• the multi-layer breathable barrier film 56 shown in FIG. 7 includes at least one microporous breathable film layer 58 and at least one monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 .
• the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 includes a hygroscopic polymer.
• the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 is a monolithic hydrophilic polymer.
• Monolithic hydrophilic polymers are able to transmit moisture without the additional need of fillers and stretching. The mechanism of breathability in a monolithic hydrophilic polymer is accomplished by absorption and desorption of moisture.
• the at least one microporous breathable film layer 58 in FIG. 7 is analogous to the microporous breathable film 2 shown in FIG. 1 , and may be prepared by a process analogous to that described above.
• the at least one microporous breathable film layer 58 includes a polyolefin and an inorganic filler dispersed in the polyolefin.
• the at least one microporous breathable film layer 58 has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm and a Dart Impact Strength of greater than about 50 grams.
• the multi-layer breathable barrier film 56 further includes at least at least one additional microporous breathable film layer 62 .
• the second microporous breathable film layer 62 may be the same as or different than the first microporous breathable film layer 58 .
• the first microporous breathable film layer 58 and the second microporous breathable film layer 62 may differ from each other in thickness, breathability, pore size, and/or thermoplastic composition.
• the at least one additional microporous breathable film layer 62 is analogous to the microporous breathable film 2 shown in FIG. 1 , and may be prepared by a process analogous to that described above.
• the at least one additional microporous breathable film layer 62 includes a polyolefin and an inorganic filler dispersed in the polyolefin.
• the at least one additional microporous breathable film layer 62 has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm and a Dart Impact Strength of greater than about 50 grams.
• the at least one monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 is disposed between the at least one microporous breathable film layer 58 and the at least one additional microporous breathable film layer 62 although other configurations may likewise be implemented.
• the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 shown in FIG. 7 provides an internal viral and alcohol barrier layer and—unlike microporous breathable film layer 58 and microporous breathable film layer 62 —may be unfilled or substantially unfilled (e.g., contain an amount of solid filler that does not result in the creation of micropores as a result of stretching).
• the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 contains a hygroscopic polymer—including but not limited to the hygroscopic polymers described in International Patent Publication No. WO / A1.
• the entire contents of International Patent Publication No. WO / A1 are hereby incorporated by reference, except that in the event of any inconsistent disclosure or definition from the present specification, the disclosure or definition herein shall be deemed to prevail.
• the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 provides a barrier to viruses and to alcohol penetration.
• a tie layer (not shown) may be used to combine dissimilar layers (e.g., monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 and one or both of microporous breathable film layer 58 and microporous breathable film layer 62 ).
• an adhesive may be blended in one or more of the adjacent dissimilar layers, thus avoiding potential loss in permeability arising from a continuous non-breathable tie layer.
• no tie resin is present in one, more than one, or any of the layers of a multi-layer film structure. While neither desiring to be bound by any particular theory nor intending to limit in any measure the scope of the appended claims or their equivalents, it is presently believed that in some embodiments, the use of a tie resin adhesive to keep layers from separating during manufacture and handling may be avoided inasmuch as unstretched lanes of a film (e.g., such as may be produced by CD IMG activation) fulfill the function of the tie resin and facilitate adjoining of layers. For embodiments in which no tie resin is present, there may be advantages in terms of cost savings since tie resins tend to be costly. In addition, tie resins are prone to gel formation during the extrusion process, which is generally undesirable.
• the internal monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 may include a hygroscopic polymer.
• the hygroscopic polymer is selected from the group consisting of hygroscopic elastomers, polyesters, polyamides, polyetherester copolymers, polyetheramide copolymers, polyurethanes, polyurethane copolymers, poly(etherimide) ester copolymers, polyvinyl alcohols, ionomers, celluloses, nitrocelluloses, and/or the like, and combinations thereof.
• the at least one monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 further includes an adhesive which, in some embodiments, includes polyethylene/acrylate copolymer, ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymer, acid-modified acrylate, anhydride-modified acrylate, ethylene vinyl acetate, acid/acrylate-modified ethylene vinyl acetate, anhydride-modified ethylene vinyl acetate, and/or the like, or a combination thereof.
• the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 may be prepared from a hygroscopic polymer resin or from a combination of hygroscopic polymer resins and, optionally, from a blend of one or more hygroscopic polymer resins and one or more adhesives.
• the internal monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 may constitute from about 0.5% to about 30% of the total thickness of the film 56 . In another example, the barrier layer 60 may constitute from about 1% to about 20% of the total thickness of the film 56 . In a further example, the barrier layer 60 may constitute from about 2% to about 10% of the total thickness of the film 56 . In some embodiments (not shown), the film 56 includes a plurality of monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layers 60 , and the above-described exemplary ranges of thickness percentages may be applied to the sum of the multiple barrier layers within the film.
• Multi-layer breathable barrier films 56 in accordance with the present disclosure may include one or more internal monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layers 60 , which may be contiguous with each other or with interposed microporous breathable layers such as microporous breathable layer 58 and microporous breathable layer 62 .
• one or more moisture-permeable barrier layers 60 provided in a multi-layer breathable barrier film 56 in accordance with the present disclosure are monolithic and do not contain any fillers that provide sites for the development of micropores.
• monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layers may contain other additives to confer desired properties to the barrier layer.
• Representative materials for the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 include but are not limited to hygroscopic polymers such as ⁇ -caprolactone (available from Solvay Caprolactones), polyether block amides (available from Arkema PEBAX), polyester elastomer (such as Dupont Hytrel or DSM Arnitel) and other polyesters, polyamides, celluloses (e.g., cellulose fibers), nitrocelluloses (e.g., nitrocellulose fibers), ionomers (e.g., ethylene ionomers), and/or the like, and combinations thereof.
• hygroscopic polymers such as ⁇ -caprolactone (available from Solvay Caprolactones), polyether block amides (available from Arkema PEBAX), polyester elastomer (such as Dupont Hytrel or DSM Arnitel) and other polyesters, polyamides, celluloses (e.g., cellulose fibers), nitrocelluloses
• fatty acid salt-modified ionomers as described in the article entitled “Development of New Ionomers with Novel Gas Permeation Properties” ( Journal of Plastic Film and Sheeting, , 23, No. 2, 119-132) may be used as a monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 .
• sodium, magnesium, and/or potassium fatty acid salt-modified ionomers may be used to provide desirable water vapor transmission properties.
• the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 is selected from the group consisting of hygroscopic elastomers, polyesters, polyamides, polyetherester copolymers (e.g., a block polyetherester copolymer), polyetheramide copolymers (e.g., a block polyetheramide copolymer), polyurethanes, polyurethane copolymers, poly(etherimide) ester copolymers, polyvinyl alcohols, ionomers, celluloses, nitrocelluloses, and/or the like, and combinations thereof.
• copolyether ester block copolymers are segmented elastomers having soft polyether segments and hard polyester segments, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,739,012.
• Representative copolyether ester block copolymers are sold by DuPont under the trade name HYTREL®.
• Representative copolyether amide polymers are copolyamides sold under the trade name PEBAX® by Atochem Inc. of Glen Rock, New Jersey.
• Representative polyurethanes are thermoplastic urethanes sold under the trade name ESTANE® by the B. F. Goodrich Company of Cleveland, Ohio.
• Representative copoly(etherimide) esters are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,868,062.
• the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 may include or be blended with a thermoplastic resin.
• a thermoplastic resin that may be used for this purpose include but are not limited to polyolefins, polyesters, polyetheresters, polyamides, polyether amides, urethanes, and/or the like, and combinations thereof.
• the thermoplastic polymer may include (a) a polyolefin, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(i-butene), poly(2-butene), poly(i-pentene), poly(2-pentene), poly(3-methyl-1-pentene), poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), 1,2-poly-1,3-butadiene, 1,4-poly-1,3-butadiene, polyisoprene, polychloroprene, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl acetate, poly(vinylidene chloride), polystyrene, and/or the like, and combinations thereof; (b) a polyester such as poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylenes)terephthalate, poly(tetramethylene terephthalate), poly(cyclohexylene-1,4-dimethylene terephthalate), poly(oxymethylene-1,4-cyclohexylenemethyleneoxyterephthaloyl
• the hygroscopic polymer is a hygroscopic elastomer.
• a variety of additives may be added to the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 to provide additional properties such as antimicrobial effects, odor control, static decay, and/or the like.
• One or more monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layers 60 is placed in the film 56 to impede the flow of liquids, liquid borne pathogens, viruses, and other microorganisms that may be carried by a liquid challenge.
• One or more of the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layers 60 , microporous breathable film layer 58 , and microporous breathable film layer 62 in the multi-layer breathable barrier film 56 may include one or more adhesives for adhering the internal monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 to contiguous layers to form the multi-layer film 56 .
• adhesive may be components suitable for adhering two or more layers together.
• adhesives are compatibilizing adhesives that increase the compatibility of the layers as well as adhering the layers to one another.
• the adhesives may be included in the resin or other extrudable material before extruding that resin into the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 .
• compatibilizing adhesives include but are not limited to polyethylene/acrylate copolymer, ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymer, acid-modified acrylate, anhydride-modified acrylate, ethylene vinyl acetate, acid/acrylate-modified ethylene vinyl acetate, anhydride-modified ethylene vinyl acetate, and/or the like, and combinations thereof.
• the adhesive when one of the microporous breathable layer 58 , the microporous breathable layer 62 and the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 includes an adhesive, the adhesive may have a relatively high methacrylate content (e.g., a methacrylate content of at least about 20% to 25%).
• the internal monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 may be prepared from blends including up to about 50% by weight adhesive and at least about 50% by weight hygroscopic polymer.
• the hygroscopic polymer may be dried before it is extruded. Feeding pre-dried hygroscopic elastomer in small amounts to an extruder has proven to be effective in avoiding moisture absorption, preventing hydrolysis of the hygroscopic elastomer, and reducing or eliminating the formation of dark blue gels and holes in web. In some higher stretch ratio cases, gels rendered holes and even web break.
• a multi-layer breathable barrier film 56 in accordance with the present disclosure may contain one or a plurality of monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layers 60 , each of which may be placed in any order in the inner layers of the film structure.
• the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 is not placed on the outer surface of the resultant film 56 in order to avoid damage caused by foreign materials.
• the film 56 contains a plurality of monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layers 60
• individual monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layers 60 are not placed adjacent to each other inside the film in order to increase efficacy.
• the individual monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layers 60 may differ from each other in thickness and/or type of thermoplastic polymer.
• a representative structure for a multi-layer breathable barrier film 56 contains five layers (not shown), with one monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer being in the core of the structure and four microporous breathable film layers being arranged around the core.
• the five-layer breathable barrier film has a A-C-B-C-A structure, wherein A represents a first microporous breathable film layer, C represents a second microporous breathable film layer that is different than or the same as the first microporous breathable film layer, and B represents a monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer.
• the outermost microporous breathable film layer (A and/or C) contains Dow G LLDPE or Dow PL ULDPE or Dow LLDPE, and calcium carbonate. Additional antioxidants, colorants, and/or processing aids may optionally be added.
• the microporous breathable film layer A may differ from the microporous breathable film layer C in the amount and/or identity of solid filler present (e.g., calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, talc, glass spheres, other inorganic particles, etc.).
• the inner monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer B may contain a hygroscopic elastomer such as Dupont HYTREL PET and an adhesive such as Dupont BYNEL 20% EVA or Dupont AC acrylate, with additional antioxidants, colorants, and processing aids optionally being added.
• a hygroscopic elastomer such as Dupont HYTREL PET
• an adhesive such as Dupont BYNEL 20% EVA or Dupont AC acrylate
• additional antioxidants, colorants, and processing aids optionally being added.
• the inner monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer B contains about 50% adhesive and about 50% by weight or more of hygroscopic elastomer.
• polyester elastomer instead of a polyester elastomer, other hygroscopic polymers, such as ⁇ -caprolactone, polyester block amides, polyester elastomers, polyamides, and blends thereof may be utilized as the inner monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layers.
• hygroscopic polymers such as ⁇ -caprolactone, polyester block amides, polyester elastomers, polyamides, and blends thereof may be utilized as the inner monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layers.
• Multi-layer breathable barrier films 56 of a type described above are not limited to any specific kind of film structure.
• Other film structures may achieve the same or similar result as the three-layer film 56 shown in FIG. 7 or the five-layer structure A-C-B-C-A described above.
• Film structure is a function of equipment design and capability. For example, the number of layers in a film depends only on the technology available and the desired end use for the film.
• Representative examples of film structures that may be implemented in accordance with the present disclosure include but are not limited to the following, wherein A represents a microporous breathable film layer (e.g., 58 or 62 ) and B represents an alcohol and viral monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer (e.g., 60 ):
• each of the microporous breathable film layers A may include two or more microporous breathable film layers in order to better control other film properties, such as the ability to bond to nonwovens.
• some exemplary film structures are as follows:
• an ABA structure may be multiplied from about 10 to about times.
• the resulting 10-time multiplied ABA structure may be expressed as follows:
• a microporous breathable film 2 and/or a multi-layer breathable barrier film 56 include but are not limited to medical gowns, diaper back sheets, drapes, packaging, garments, articles, carpet backing, upholstery backing, bandages, protective apparel, feminine hygiene, building construction, bedding and/or the like.
• Films in accordance with the present disclosure may be laminated to a fabric, scrim, or other film support by thermal, ultrasonic, and/or adhesive bonding.
• the support may be attached to at least one face of the film and or to both faces of the film.
• the laminate may be made using wovens, knits, nonwovens, paper, netting, or other films. Adhesive bonding may be used to prepare such laminates.
• Adhesive bonding may be performed with adhesive agents such as powders, adhesive webs, liquid, hot-melt and solvent-based adhesives. Additionally, these types of support may be used with ultrasonic or thermal bonding if the polymers in the support are compatible with the film surface.
• Laminates of the present multilayer films and nonwoven fabrics may provide surgical barriers. In one example, the fabrics are spunbonded or spunbond-meltblown-spunbond (SMS) fabrics. In another example, the fabrics may be spunlaced, airlaid, powder-bonded, thermal-bonded, or resin-bonded.
• SMS spunbond-meltblown-spunbond
• the encasing of the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 protects the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 from mechanical damage or thermal damage and allows for thermal and ultrasonic bonding of the multilayer film at extremely low thicknesses.
• Multi-layer breathable barrier films 56 in accordance with the present disclosure may be used in applications in the medical field.
• Porous webs are used currently in the medical field for Ethylene Oxide (EtO) sterilization as the gas must be able to permeate packaging in order to sterilize the contents.
• EtO Ethylene Oxide
• These porous webs are often used as the top sheets for rigid trays and as breather films in pouches.
• Medical paper is commonly used for these purposes as is Tyvek (spunbond HDPE).
• the multi-layer breathable barrier films 56 in accordance with the present disclosure may be used to replace either of these products in such applications.
• multi-layer breathable barrier films 56 in accordance with the present disclosure may be used in any application that involves a blood barrier.
• disposable blankets, operating table covers, or surgical drapes may incorporate a multilayer breathable barrier film 56 in accordance with the present disclosure, as they represent blood barrier applications that might function more comfortably with a breathable substrate.
• the present disclosure provides microporous breathable films 2 (e.g., mono-layer or multi-layer) and multi-layer breathable barrier films 56 .
• the present disclosure further provides personal hygiene products containing one or more microporous breathable films (e.g., mono-layer or multi-layer) in accordance with the present disclosure, and/or one or more multi-layer breathable barrier films in accordance with the present disclosure.
• a personal hygiene product in accordance with the present disclosure includes at least one inner microporous breathable film 2 prepared by a process as described above and at least one outer non-woven layer.
• the at least one inner microporous breathable film 2 is configured for contacting skin and/or clothing of a user of the personal hygiene product.
• the personal hygiene product further includes at least one monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 disposed between the at least one inner microporous breathable film 2 and the at least one outer non-woven layer.
• the at least one inner microporous breathable film is bonded to the at least one outer non-woven layer without an adhesive (e.g., via heat sealing, ultrasonic welding, and/or the like).
• each of the at least one inner microporous breathable film 2 and the at least one outer non-woven layer comprises polypropylene and/or polyethylene.
• the inner microporous breathable film 2 includes calcium carbonate as the solid filler.
• the personal hygiene product in accordance with the present disclosure is configured as an incontinence brief, a surgical gown, or a feminine hygiene product.
• an extrusion cast line with up to 3 extruders was used.
• the “A” and “B” extruders are 21 ⁇ 2′′ in diameter, and the “C” extruder is 13 ⁇ 4′′ in diameter.
• the extruders feed into a combining feedblock manufactured by Cloeren Corporation of Orange, TX, which can layer the A, B and C extruder outputs in a variety of configurations.
• the molten polymer proceeds into a monolayer cast die (manufactured by Cloeren) that is about 36′′ wide.
• the die has an adjustable gap. For the samples described herein, the adjustable gap was maintained between 10 and 40 mils.
• the molten polymer drops down to a chill roll.
• the chill roll had an embossed pattern FST-250 which was engraved by Pamarco of Roselle, NJ as their pattern P-.
• the embossed pattern P- is a square pattern (e.g., with lines nearly aligned with the Machine Direction) with 250 squares per inch and a depth of about 31 microns.
• the roll itself has an 18′′ diameter with internal water cooling.
• the engrave roll pattern may be replaced with other patterns that are shallow enough not to interfere with a vacuum box quench.
• One alternative is a 40 Ra pattern (40 micro-inch average roughness) generated by a sand-blasting process on a chrome plated roll.
• Example 1 Comparison of Conventional Embossed Film to Chill Cast Vacuum Box Film
• microporous breathable films were made from the formulation XC3-121-.0 shown in Table 1.
• the molten web formed by extrusion of the composition XC3-121-.0 shown in Table 1 was quenched by either a conventional embossed roll process or a chill cast vacuum box process in accordance with the present disclosure on a 250T roll (.9 rpm setting).
• the physical properties of a film made by the conventional embossed roll process and a film made by the chill cast process in accordance with the present disclosure are shown in Table 2.
• Table 2 further includes physical properties for a third film made by the chill cast vacuum box process, which was down-gauged to 12.21 gsm.
• Elmendorf tear results that are below the assay range of the equipment are indicated by an asterisk and should be regarded as being for reference only.
• a microporous breathable film in accordance with the present disclosure shows substantially improved TD tear, and puncture properties as compared to a conventional embossed roll film.
• microporous breathable films prepared by the chill cast process show greater MD tensile strength and less MD elongation as compared to the embossed film.
• the non-embossed microporous breathable film exhibits a reduced water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) as compared to the comparable embossed film.
• WVTR water vapor transmission rate
• microporous breathable films prepared by a conventional embossing process typically include LDPE to assist in the processing.
• the LDPE may be omitted, thereby affording stronger films having properties that were heretofore unachievable with conventional films.
• the films made from formulations 1 and 6 were 14 gsm, whereas films made from formulations 2-5 and 7 were 12 gsm.
• composition of the CaCO 3 -containing compounds CF and T998K5 shown in Table 3 are specified in Table 4 below.
• the seven formulations shown in Table 3 were used to make a series of microporous breathable films.
• the films were subjected to varying amounts of pre-stretch and, in some cases to MD IMG stretching.
• the physical properties of the films thus prepared are summarized in Tables 5, 6, and 7 below.
• Example 3 Comparative Examples Showing Physical Properties of Conventional Microporous Breathable Films
• Data for a series of microporous breathable films prepared by conventional methods are shown in Table 8 below.
• Data for a series of microporous breathable films prepared by a vacuum box process in accordance with the present teachings are shown in Table 9 below.
• the blown MDO film exhibits poor strain and tear properties. Moreover, the strain at peak MD corresponding to the films in Table 9 are substantially higher than those in Table 8. In addition, the films in Table 9 exhibit excellent Dart Drop and slow puncture characteristics.
• a series of 16 skinless microporous breathable films having a structure BBBBB were prepared from the formulation XC1-2-.0 shown in Table 10.
• the composition of compound CF is given above in Table 4.
• the 16 films were subjected to the following different processing conditions: basis weights (9 gsm vs. 12 gsm), pre-stretch (35%/35% vs. 50%/50%), depth of engagement (0.070 vs. 0.085), and post-stretch (0% vs. 30%).
• basis weights 9 gsm vs. 12 gsm
• pre-stretch 35%/35% vs. 50%/50%
• depth of engagement 0.070 vs. 0.085
• post-stretch 0% vs. 30%.
• the legend W/X/Y/Z is a shorthand nomenclature signifying basis weight (gsm)/pre-stretch/depth of engagement of IMG rolls/post-stretch.
• the designation 9/35/070/0 represents a basis weight of 9 gsm, 35%/35% pre-stretch, a depth of engagement of 70 mm, and 0% post-stretch.
• a series of 16 skinned microporous breathable films having a structure CBBBC were prepared from the formulation XC1-22-.0 shown in Table 13.
• the composition of compound CF is given above in Table 4.
• the 16 films were subjected to the following different processing conditions: basis weights (9 gsm vs. 12 gsm), pre-stretch (35%/35% vs. 50%/50%), depth of engagement (0.07 vs. 0.085), and post-stretch (0% vs. 30%).
• basis weights 9 gsm vs. 12 gsm
• pre-stretch 35%/35% vs. 50%/50%
• depth of engagement (0.07 vs. 0.085
• post-stretch 0% vs. 30%.
• the legend W/X/Y/Z is a shorthand nomenclature signifying basis weight (gsm)/pre-stretch/depth of engagement of IMG rolls/post-stretch.
• the designation 9/35/070/0 represents a basis weight of 9 gsm, 35%/35% pre-stretch, a depth of engagement of 70 mm, and 0 post-stretch.
• Two microporous breathable films A3 and B3 having a structure CBBBC were prepared from the formulation XC3-22-.0 shown in Table 13.
• the physical properties of the resultant films are shown in Table 16.
• the legend X/Y/Z is a shorthand nomenclature signifying pre-stretch/depth of engagement of IMG rolls/post-stretch.
• the designation 50/085/0 corresponding to film A2 represents a 50%/50% pre-stretch, a depth of engagement of 85 mm, and 0% post-stretch.
• the films A2 and B2 exhibit high Dart Impact Strength (e.g., greater than 90 grams) in spite of exceptionally low basis weights (e.g., less than 9 gsm).
• the overall thickness of the microporous breathable film may be varied depending on the particular end use for which the film is manufactured.
• films in accordance with the present disclosure have a thickness that is less than typical thicknesses for microporous breathable films.
• the beneficial properties of microporous breathable films prepared in accordance with the present disclosure by using a vacuum box, air knife, and/or air blanket to cast a molten web against a chill roll may include one or more of reduced basis weight, increased Dart Impact Strength, increased strain at peak machine direction, and/or the like, and may allow the films to be used at a decreased gauge or thickness as compared to conventional microporous breathable films.
• basis weights and thicknesses may be easily adjusted to fit a desired end use.
• the composition of compounds TJ2 and CF* shown in Table 17 is specified in Table 18 below.
• the physical properties of the resultant polypropylene films are shown in Table 19 below.
• the films A4, B4, E4, and F4 were not subjected to any post-stretching, whereas the films C4, D4, G4, and H4 received 30% post-stretch.
• the films A4, B4, C4, and D4 have a 20/60/20 A/B/A layering, whereas the films E4, F4, G4, and H4 have a 10/80/10 A/B/A layering.
• the 16-gsm film D4 exhibits an impressive force at peak MD of g/in and an impressive force at 25% strain MD of 475 g/in.
• the force at 25% strain MD measurement reflects the degree to which a film may be stretched when pulled (e.g., by a consumer).
• the 16-gsm film D4 also exhibits a high TEA MD of Ft ⁇ Lb/in 2 , which is a measure of the toughness of the film (wherein higher numbers corresponding to increased robustness).
• the 16-gsm film D4 shown in Table 19 was ultrasonically bonded to a 17-gsm spunbond polypropylene homopolymer material by Herrmann Ultrasonics.
• the film D4 was bonded to the polypropylene homopolymer using microgap control, a 20-kHz ultrasonic horn, and a bond roll having a discrete bond pattern.
• the ultrasonically bonded material thus formed exhibited good bonding characteristics and represents an example of how a film in accordance with the present disclosure may be bonded to a nonwoven material without the use of an adhesive.
• a film in accordance with the present disclosure may be desirable for use in forming personal hygiene products (e.g., including but not limited to incontinence briefs, adult underpads for incontinence, surgical gowns, drapes, feminine hygiene products), and Protective Apparel such as garments, aprons, gloves or the like).
• personal hygiene products e.g., including but not limited to incontinence briefs, adult underpads for incontinence, surgical gowns, drapes, feminine hygiene products
• Protective Apparel such as garments, aprons, gloves or the like.
• Example 8 Polyethylene-Blended Polypropylene Microporous Breathable Films
• Polypropylene microporous breathable films I4 through L4 having a structure A/B/A (20/60/20 layering) were prepared from the formulation XC3-222- shown in Table 20.
• the composition of compound CF* shown in Table 20 is specified above in Table 18.
• the physical properties of the resultant polyethylene with blended polypropylene films are shown in Table 21 below.
• the films I4 and K4 were not subjected to any post-stretching, whereas the films J4 and L4 received 30% post-stretch.
• the films I4, J4, K4, and L4 have a 20/60/20 A/B/A layering.
• the 16-gsm film L4 exhibits an impressive force at peak MD of 1,600 Win and an impressive force at 25% strain MD of 495 Win.
• the 16-gsm film D4 also exhibits a high TEA MD of 2,238 Ft ⁇ Lb/in 2 , which is a measure of the toughness of the film (with higher numbers corresponding to increased robustness).
• the polyethylene-blended polypropylene film L4 manufactured from the formulation XC3-222- is softer to the touch than the pure polypropylene film D4 manufactured from the formulation XC3-828-.
• a polyethylene-blended polypropylene film e.g., the film L4 shown in Table 21
• may exhibit better properties that a pure polypropylene film e.g., the film D4 shown in Table 19).
• the 16-gsm film L4 shown in Table 21 was ultrasonically bonded to a 17-gsm spunbond polypropylene homopolymer material by Herrmann Ultrasonics.
• the film L4 was bonded to the polypropylene homopolymer using microgap control, a 20-kHz ultrasonic horn with a width of 150 mm, and a bond roll having a discrete bond pattern.
• the ultrasonically bonded material thus formed exhibited good bonding characteristics and represents a further example of how a film in accordance with the present disclosure may be bonded to a nonwoven material without the use of an adhesive.
• a film in accordance with the present disclosure may be desirable for use in forming personal hygiene products (e.g., including but not limited to incontinence briefs, surgical gowns, feminine hygiene products, and/or the like).
• personal hygiene products e.g., including but not limited to incontinence briefs, surgical gowns, feminine hygiene products, and/or the like.
• Example 9 Pressure Penetration Through a Fabric (PPT) Testing of Polyethylene-Blended Polypropylene Microporous Breathable Films and Comparative Polypropylene Non-Breathable Films
• PPT Pressure penetration of simulated blood was tested using the “Pressure Penetration Through a Fabric (PPT)” test.
• the PPT test is used to determine whether or not, and to what degree, simulated blood penetrates through a fabric or film under pressure for a specified time.
• a sample is placed on a blotter paper on a flat surface and challenged by a 70% IPA/water solution containing Astrazon Red Violet dye for 3 minutes while under a 1 psi load. The number of red spots showing on the blotter paper are determined and recorded.
• the test solution contains 70% IPA/30% DI water with 0.1% (1 gram per liter or 0.1 gm per 100 ml) of Astrazon Red Violet 3RN liquid dye added for visibility. This method is performed in a lab at standard atmosphere for testing textiles: 70° F. (20° C.), 65% RH.
• the pre-marked blotter paper is laid on a hard, flat surface near a sink.
• a 3′′ ⁇ 3′′′ test specimen is placed, face side up, on the blotter on each of the 4 or 6 pre-marked lane squares.
• a 2′′ ⁇ 2′′ piece of absorbent spun-bond non-woven fabric is placed in the center of each specimen.
• a pipette is filled with the test solution and the 2′′ ⁇ 2′′ nonwoven is saturated with it.
• a cylindrical, 2.0′′ diameter; 3.14 lb (1.0 psi) weight is placed on top of the saturated specimen and a timer is started. After 3.0 minutes, the weights are removed and all except the blotter paper are discarded.
• the blotter paper is examined, and all red spots are counted. The number of red spots is recorded. A size limit may be specified for red spots to be counted. If one large red blotch is present, the result may be recorded as “99.”
• Polypropylene microporous breathable film samples A5-05 having a structure A/B/A (20/60/20 layering) were prepared from the formulation XC3-222- shown in Table 20 above.
• Polypropylene microporous breathable film samples D5-F5 having a structure A/B/A (20/60/20 layering) were prepared from the formulation XC3-828- shown in Table 17 above.
• Polypropylene microporous cored film samples G5 and H5 having a structure A/B/A (20/60/20 layering) were prepared from the formulation XC3-828- shown in Table 22 below.
• the microporous cored films have a microporous core layer, but are not breathable as they have solid skin layers surrounding the breathable core layer.
• the composition of compound CF* shown in Table 22 is specified above in Table 18.
• polypropylene-containing non-breathable film samples A6-F6 having a structure A/B/A (20/60/20 layering) were prepared from the formulation XP-SX shown in Table 25 below.
• microporous breathable films A5-G5 are comparable to the PPT test results for the non-breathable films A6-E6, it is surprising and unexpected that a microporous breathable film in accordance with the present disclosure is able to provide barrier performance comparable to that of a non-breathable film while further providing breathability.
• composition of the CaCO 3 -containing compound CF* shown in Tables 27-30, and the composition of the CaCO 3 -containing compound TJ2 shown in Tables 28 and 30, are specified in Table 18 above.
• the physical properties of the resultant films A7-H7 are shown in Table 31 below, and the physical properties of the resultant films I7-P7 are shown in Table 32 below.
• Each of films A7-P7 received 30% post-stretch.
• the alcohol penetration test data shown in Tables 31 and 32 represents the degree to which the monolithic layer remains intact, with values between 0 and 10 being indicative of particularly good performance.
• many of the films exhibit high Dart Impact Strength (e.g., greater than 90 grams) in spite of low basis weights (e.g., 12 gsm).
• multi-layer breathable barrier films in accordance with the present disclosure are able to achieve low alcohol penetration (e.g., 0% to 10%) at low basis weights (e.g., 12 gsm).
• Example 11 Tie Resin-Free and Tie Resin-Containing Multi-Layer Breathable Barrier Films
• a tie resin-containing multi-layer breathable barrier film A8 having polypropylene microporous breathable skins, a thermoplastic copolyester elastomer core, and an A/B/C/B/A structure was prepared from the formulation XC5--.6A shown in Table 33 below.
• the tie resin (BYNEL 22E757) is a modified ethylene acrylate.
• a tie resin-free multi-layer breathable barrier film B8 having polypropylene microporous breathable skins, a thermoplastic copolyester elastomer core, and an A/B/C/B/A structure was prepared from the formulation XC5--.1 shown in Table 34 below.
• composition of the CaCO 3 -containing compound TR1 shown in Tables 33 and 34 is specified in Table 35 below.

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Abstract

Microporous breathable films include a polyolefin and an inorganic filler dispersed in the polyolefin. Methods for forming polymeric films and articles of manufacture prepared therefrom are described.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This application is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/206,072, filed Jul. 8, , which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/233,128, filed Sep. 25, , and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/191,010, filed Jul. 10, . The entire contents of each of these priority documents are incorporated herein by reference, except that in the event of any inconsistent disclosure or definition from the present specification, the disclosure or definition herein shall be deemed to prevail.
BACKGROUND
• The present disclosure relates to polymeric materials, and particularly to polymeric films. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to microporous breathable films formed from polymeric material and filler.
SUMMARY
• According to the present disclosure, a microporous breathable film is made using a manufacturing process. The manufacturing process comprises the steps of extruding a composition to form a molten web, casting the molten web to form a quenched film, and stretching the quenched film to form the microporous breathable film.
• In illustrative embodiments, the composition extruded to form the molten web comprises a polyolefin and an inorganic filler. The quenched film is formed by casting the molten web against a surface of a chill roll using a vacuum box and/or blowing air (e.g., an air knife and/or an air blanket).
• In illustrative embodiments, a microporous breathable film comprising a polyolefin and an inorganic filler dispersed in the polyolefin has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm. The microporous breathable film also has a Dart Impact Strength of at least about 75 grams.
• In illustrative embodiments, a multi-layer breathable barrier film comprises at least one microporous breathable film layer according to the present disclosure and at least one moisture-permeable barrier layer. The at least one moisture-permeable barrier layer comprises a hygroscopic polymer.
• In illustrative embodiments, a personal hygiene product comprises at least one inner microporous breathable film and at least one outer non-woven layer. The at least one inner microporous breathable film is configured to contact skin and/or clothing of a user of the personal hygiene product.
• Additional features of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of illustrative embodiments exemplifying the best mode of carrying out the disclosure as presently perceived.
BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DRAWINGS
• The detailed description particularly refers to the accompanying figures in which:
• FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a representative embodiment of a microporous breathable film that includes one layer;
• FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of an exemplary process for machine direction (MD) stretching of a polymeric film;
• FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of an exemplary process for cross-directional (CD) stretching of a polymeric film;
• FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view of an exemplary process for intermeshing gears (IMG) stretching of a polymeric film;
• FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of an exemplary process for casting a molten web against a chill roll using a vacuum box;
• FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic view of an exemplary process for casting a molten web against a chill roll using an air knife; and
• FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic view of a representative embodiment of a multi-layer breathable barrier film that includes three layers.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
• A first embodiment of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure is shown, for example, in FIG. 1 . Microporous breathable film 2 includes a thermoplastic polymer 4 and a solid filler 6 dispersed in the thermoplastic polymer 4. In some embodiments, the microporous breathable film 2 includes a combination of two or more thermoplastic polymers 4 and/or a combination of two or more solid fillers 6. As shown in FIG. 1 , the microporous breathable film 2 includes an interconnected network of micropores 8 formed in the thermoplastic polymer resin 4. On average, the micropores 8 are smaller in size than the size of a typical water droplet but larger in size than a water vapor molecule. As a result, the micropores 8 permit the passage of water vapor but minimize or block the passage of liquid water. Two representative pathways for the transmission of water vapor through the microporous breathable film 2 are shown by the dashed lines 10 and 12 in FIG. 1 .
• A precursor film containing a thermoplastic polymer 4 and a solid filler 6 dispersed in the thermoplastic polymer 4 may be produced by either a cast film process or a blown film process. The film thus produced may then be stretched by one or more stretching processes. The stretching process moves (e.g., pulls) polymeric material away from the surface of solid filler dispersed therein, thereby forming the micropores 8.
• In one example, stretching may be achieved via machine direction (MD) orientation by a process analogous to that shown in simplified schematic form in FIG. 2 . For example, the film 14 shown in FIG. 2 may be passed between at least two pairs of rollers in the direction of an arrow 15. In this example, first roller 16 and a first nip 20 run at a slower speed (V1) than the speed (V2) of a second roller 18 and a second nip 22. The ratio of V2/V1 determines the degree to which the film 14 is stretched. Since there may be enough drag on the roll surface to prevent slippage, the process may alternatively be run with the nips open. Thus, in the process shown in FIG. 2 , the first nip 20 and the second nip 22 are optional.
• In another example, stretching may be achieved via transverse or cross-directional (CD) stretching by a process analogous to that shown in simplified schematic form in FIG. 3 . For example, the film 24 shown in FIG. 3 may be moved in the direction of the arrow 28 while being stretched sideways on a tenter frame in the directions of doubled-headed arrow 30. The tenter frame includes a plurality of attachment mechanisms 26 configured for gripping the film 24 along its side edges.
• In a further example, stretching may be achieved via intermeshing gears (IMG) stretching by a process analogous to the one shown in simplified schematic form in FIG. 4 . For example, a film 32 may be moved between a pair of grooved or toothed rollers as shown in FIG. 4 in the direction of arrow 33. In one example, the first toothed roller 34 may be rotated in a clockwise direction while the second toothed roller 36 may be rotated in a counterclockwise direction. At each point at which one or more teeth of the rollers 34 and 36 contact the film 32, localized stresses may be applied that stretch the film 32 and introduce interconnecting micropores therein analogous to the micropores 8 shown in FIG. 1 . By the use of IMG stretching, the film 32 may be stretched in the machine direction (MD), the cross direction (CD), at oblique angles to the MD, or in any combination thereof.
• A precursor film containing a thermoplastic polymer 4 and a solid filler 6 dispersed in the polymer 4 that is stretched to form a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure may be prepared by mixing together the thermoplastic polymer 4 (or a combination of thermoplastic polymers 4), the solid filler 6, and any optional components until blended, heating the mixture, and then extruding the mixture to form a molten web. A suitable film-forming process may be used to form a precursor film en route to forming a microporous breathable film. For example, the precursor film may be manufactured by casting or extrusion using blown-film, co-extrusion, or single-layer extrusion techniques and/or the like. In one example, the precursor film may be wound onto a winder roll for subsequent stretching in accordance with the present disclosure. In another example, the precursor film may be manufactured in-line with a film stretching apparatus such as shown in one or more of FIGS. 2-4 .
• In addition to containing one or more thermoplastic polymers and solid filler, the precursor film may also contain other optional components to improve the film properties or processing of the film. Representative optional components include, but are not limited to, anti-oxidants (e.g., added to prevent polymer degradation and/or to reduce the tendency of the film to discolor over time) and processing aids (e.g., added to facilitate extrusion of the precursor film). In one example, the amount of one or more anti-oxidants in the precursor film is less than about 1% by weight of the film and the amount of one or more processing aids is less than about 5% by weight of the film. Additional optional additives include but are not limited to whitening agents (e.g., titanium dioxide), which may be added to increase the opacity of the film. In one example, the amount of one or more whitening agents is less than about 10% by weight of the film. Further optional components include but are not limited to antiblocking agents (e.g., diatomaceous earth) and slip agents (e.g. erucamide a.k.a. erucylamide), which may be added to allow film rolls to unwind properly and to facilitate secondary processing (e.g., diaper making). In one example, the amount of one or more antiblocking agents and/or one or more slip agents is less than about 5% by weight of the film. Further additional optional additives include but are not limited to scents, deodorizers, pigments other than white, noise reducing agents, and/or the like, and combinations thereof. In one example, the amount of one or more scents, deodorizers, pigments other than white, and/or noise reducing agents is less than about 10% by weight of the film.
• Prior to stretching, the precursor film may have an initial basis weight of less than about 100 grams per square meter (gsm). In one example, the precursor film has an initial basis weight of less than about 75 gsm. The precursor film may be a monolayer film, in which case the entire precursor film comprises the thermoplastic polymer (or combination of thermoplastic polymers) and solid filler (or combination of solid fillers). In another example, the precursor film may be a multilayer film as suggested in FIG. 7 .
• In one example, a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure is formed via a blown film process. In another example, a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure is formed via a cast film process. The cast film process involves the extrusion of molten polymers through an extrusion die to form a thin film. The film is pinned to the surface of a chill roll with an air knife, an air blanket, and/or a vacuum box.
• In illustrative embodiments, a process for making a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure includes (a) extruding a composition containing a thermoplastic polymer 4 and a solid filler 6 to form a molten web, (b) casting the molten web against a surface of a chill roll using an air knife, an air blanket, a vacuum box, or a combination thereof to form a quenched film, and (c) stretching the quenched film to form the microporous breathable film 2.
• It has been discovered that by using a vacuum box, blowing air (e.g., an air knife and/or an air blanket), or a vacuum box in combination with blowing air to cast the molten web against a chill roll in accordance with the present disclosure, microporous breathable films 2 exhibiting surprisingly and unexpectedly improved properties as compared to other microporous breathable films may be prepared. As further described below, these properties may include reduced basis weight, increased Dart Impact Strength, increased strain at peak machine direction, reduced alcohol penetration as measured by Pressure Penetration Through a Fabric (PPT) testing, reduced bonding force needed to achieve a destruct bond in ultrasonic sealing, and/or the like, and combinations thereof.
• In one example, the molten web is cast against the surface of the chill roll under negative pressure using a vacuum box as shown in simplified schematic form in FIG. 5 . A vacuum box works by evacuating air between the film and the surface of the chill roll. For example, as shown in FIG. 5 , a film 46 is extruded from an extrusion die 40 in the direction of arrow 47 and quenched from the molten state with a vacuum box 42. The vacuum box 42 draws a vacuum behind the molten web 46 in the direction of arrow 44 to draw the film 46 down onto the chill roll 38. The vacuum drawn in the direction of arrow 44 removes the entrained air between the surface of the chill roll 38 and the film 46. The vacuum box process is not subject to draw resonance for high molecular weight polymers that would tend to extrude unstable thickness in a nipped quench process due to the draw resonance phenomenon.
• When a vacuum box 42 is used, the molten polymer may exit the die 40 and hit the chill roll 38 within a smaller distance than in an embossed process. For example, in some embodiments, the melt curtain is configured to hit the chill roll 38 within a distance of less than about 12 inches, 11 inches, 10 inches, 9 inches, 8 inches, 7 inches, 6 inches, 5 inches, 4 inches, 3, inches, 2 inches, or 1 inch. In illustrative embodiments, the melt curtain is configured to exit the die and hit the roll within a distance of less than about 3 inches and, in some examples, within a distance of about or less than 1 inch. One advantage of reducing the distance between the die 40 and the roll surface 38 as compared to in a nipped quench process is that smaller distances are less susceptible to the phenomenon of neck-in. Neck-in refers to a reduction in width of the molten web that occurs as the web leaves the die. By drawing the film 46 onto a surface of the chill roll 38 over a short distance as shown in FIG. 5 , the vacuum box 42 may enhance web cooling, facilitate higher line speeds, reduce film neck-in, and/or reduce drag at the lip exit.
• In another example, the molten web is cast against the surface of the chill roll under positive pressure using an air knife or air blanket, as shown in simplified schematic form in FIG. 6 . An air knife works to promote web quenching by gently blowing a high-velocity, low-volume air curtain over the molten film, thereby pinning the molten film to the chill roll for solidification. For example, as shown in FIG. 6 , a film 54 is extruded from an extrusion die 50 in the direction of arrow 55 and quenched from the molten state with an air knife 52 blowing an air curtain over the molten film 54, thereby pinning the molten web 54 against a surface of the chill roll 48. An air blanket (a.k.a. soft box) works similarly to an air knife and promotes web quenching by gently blowing an air curtain over the molten film. However, in the case of an air blanket, the air curtain is low velocity and high volume.
• In a further example, the molten web is cast against the surface of the chill roll under a combination of negative pressure from a vacuum box, as shown in FIG. 5 , and positive pressure from an air knife, as shown in FIG. 6 . In illustrative embodiments, in the casting of the molten web against a surface of the chill roll, an exit temperature of cooling fluid passing through the chill roll is between about 50 degrees Fahrenheit and about 130 degrees Fahrenheit and, in some examples, between about 75 degrees Fahrenheit and about 130 degrees Fahrenheit.
• The thermoplastic polymer 4 (or combination of thermoplastic polymers 4) used to make a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure is not restricted, and may include all manner of thermoplastic polymers capable of being stretched and of forming micropores. In illustrative embodiments, the thermoplastic polymer is a polyolefin, including but not limited to homopolymers, copolymers, terpolymers, and/or blends thereof.
• Representative polyolefins that may be used in accordance with the present disclosure include but are not limited to low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), ultra-low density polyethylene (ULDPE), polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymers, polymers made using a single-site catalyst, ethylene maleic anhydride copolymers (EMAs), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (EVAs), polymers made using Zeigler-Natta catalysts, styrene-containing block copolymers, and/or the like, and combinations thereof. Methods for manufacturing LDPE are described in The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology, pp. 753-754 (Aaron L. Brody et al. eds., 2nd Ed. ) and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,399,426, both of which are incorporated by reference herein, except that in the event of any inconsistent disclosure or definition from the present specification, the disclosure or definition herein shall be deemed to prevail.
• ULDPE may be produced by a variety of processes, including but not limited to gas phase, solution and slurry polymerization as described in The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology, pp. 748-50 (Aaron L. Brody et al. eds., 2nd Ed. ), incorporated by reference above, except that in the event of any inconsistent disclosure or definition from the present specification, the disclosure or definition herein shall be deemed to prevail.
• ULDPE may be manufactured using a Ziegler-Natta catalyst, although a number of other catalysts may also be used. For example, ULDPE may be manufactured with a metallocene catalyst. Alternatively, ULDPE may be manufactured with a catalyst that is a hybrid of a metallocene catalyst and a Ziegler-Natta catalyst. Methods for manufacturing ULDPE are also described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,399,426, 4,668,752, 3,058,963, 2,905,645, 2,862,917, and 2,699,457, each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, except that in the event of any inconsistent disclosure or definition from the present specification, the disclosure or definition herein shall be deemed to prevail. The density of ULDPE is achieved by copolymerizing ethylene with a sufficient amount of one or more monomers. In illustrative embodiments, the monomers are selected from 1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-octene, and combinations thereof. Methods for manufacturing polypropylene are described in Kirk-Othmer Concise Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, pp. - (Jacqueline I. Kroschwitz et al. eds., 4th Ed. ), which is incorporated herein by reference, except that in the event of any inconsistent disclosure or definition from the present specification, the disclosure or definition herein shall be deemed to prevail.
• In illustrative embodiments, a polyolefin for use in accordance with the present disclosure includes polyethylene, polypropylene, or a combination thereof. In one example, the polyethylene includes linear low density polyethylene which, in some embodiments, includes a metallocene polyethylene. In another example, the polyethylene includes a combination of linear low density polyethylene and low density polyethylene. In a further example, the polyolefin consists essentially of only linear low density polyethylene.
• In addition to thermoplastic polymer (e.g., polyolefin), a composition to be extruded in accordance with the present disclosure further includes a solid filler. The solid filler is not restricted, and may include all manner of inorganic or organic materials that are (a) non-reactive with thermoplastic polymer, (b) configured for being uniformly blended and dispersed in the thermoplastic polymer, and (c) configured to promote a microporous structure within the film when the film is stretched. In illustrative embodiments, the solid filler includes an inorganic filler.
• Representative inorganic fillers for use in accordance with the present disclosure include but are not limited to sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, alumina, mica, talc, silica, clay (e.g., non-swellable clay), glass spheres, titanium dioxide, aluminum hydroxide, zeolites, and a combination thereof. In illustrative embodiments, the inorganic filler includes an alkali metal carbonate, an alkaline earth metal carbonate, an alkali metal sulfate, an alkaline earth metal sulfate, or a combination thereof. In one example, the inorganic filler includes calcium carbonate.
• In another example, the solid filler includes a polymer (e.g., high molecular weight high density polyethylene, polystyrene, nylon, blends thereof, and/or the like). The use of polymer fillers creates domains within the thermoplastic polymer matrix. These domains are small areas, which may be spherical, where only the polymer filler is present as compared to the remainder of the thermoplastic matrix where no polymer filler is present. As such, these domains act as particles.
• The solid filler 6 provided in a composition to be extruded in accordance with the present disclosure may be used to produce micropores 8 of film 2, as shown in FIG. 1 . The dimensions of the solid filler 6 particles may be varied based on a desired end use (e.g., the desired properties of the microporous breathable film 2). In one example, the average particle size of a solid filler particle ranges from about 0.1 microns to about 15 microns. In illustrative embodiments, the average particle size ranges from about 1 micron to about 5 microns and, in some examples, from about 1 micron to about 3 microns. The average particle size may be one of several different values or fall within one of several different ranges. For example, it is within the scope of the present disclosure to select an average particle size of the solid filler to be one of the following values: about 0.1 microns, 0.2 microns, 0.3 microns, 0.4 microns, 0.5 microns, 0.6 microns, 0.7 microns, 0.8 microns, 0.9 microns, 1.0 microns, 1.1 microns, 1.2 microns, 1.3 microns, 1.4 microns, 1.5 microns, 1.6 microns, 1.7 microns, 1.8 microns, 1.9 microns, 2.0 microns, 2.1 microns, 2.2 microns, 2.3 microns, 2.4 microns, 2.5 microns, 2.6 microns, 2.7 microns, 2.8 microns, 2.9 microns, 3.0 microns, 3.5 microns, 4.0 microns, 4.5 microns, 5.0 microns, 5.5 microns, 6.0 microns, 6.5 microns, 7.0 microns, 7.5 microns, 8.0 microns, 8.5 microns, 9.0 microns, 9.5 microns. 10.0 microns, 10.5 microns, 11.0 microns, 11.5 microns, 12.0 microns, 12.5 microns, 13.0 microns, 13.5 microns, 14.0 microns, 14.5 microns, or 15.0 microns.
• It is also within the scope of the present disclosure for the average particle size of the solid filler 6 provided in a composition to be extruded in accordance with the present disclosure to fall within one of many different ranges. In a first set of ranges, the average particle size of the solid filler 6 is in one of the following ranges: about 0.1 microns to 15 microns, 0.1 microns to 14 microns, 0.1 microns to 13 microns, 0.1 microns to 12 microns, 0.1 microns to 11 microns, 0.1 microns to 10 microns, 0.1 microns to 9 microns, 0.1 microns to 8 microns, 0.1 microns to 7 microns, 0.1 microns to 6 microns, 0.1 microns to 5 microns, 0.1 microns to 4 microns, and 0.1 microns to 3 microns. In a second set of ranges, the average particle size of the solid filler 6 is in one of the following ranges: about 0.1 microns to 5 microns, 0.2 microns to 5 microns, 0.3 microns to 5 microns, 0.4 microns to 5 microns, 0.5 microns to 5 microns, 0.6 microns to 5 microns, 0.7 microns to 5 microns, 0.8 microns to 5 microns, 0.9 microns to 5 microns, and 1.0 microns to 5 microns. In a third set of ranges, the average particle size of the solid filler 6 is in one of the following ranges: about 0.1 microns to 4.9 microns, 0.2 microns to 4.8 microns, 0.3 microns to 4.7 microns, 0.4 microns to 4.6 microns, 0.5 microns to 4.5 microns, 0.6 microns to 4.4 microns, 0.7 microns to 4.3 microns, 0.8 microns to 4.2 microns, 0.9 microns to 4.1 microns, and 1.0 microns to 4.0 microns.
• In illustrative embodiments, the amount of solid filler used in accordance with the present disclosure includes from about 30% by weight to about 75% by weight of the composition to be extruded, quenched film formed from the extruded composition, and/or microporous breathable film formed from the quenched film. In further illustrative embodiments, the amount of solid filler used in accordance with the present disclosure includes from about 50% by weight to about 75% by weight of the composition to be extruded, quenched film formed from the extruded composition, and/or microporous breathable film formed from the quenched film. Although amounts of filler outside this range may also be employed, an amount of solid filler that is less than about 30% by weight may not be sufficient to impart uniform breathability to a film. Conversely, amounts of filler greater than about 75% by weight may be difficult to blend with the polymer and may cause a loss in strength in the final microporous breathable film.
• The amount of solid filler 6 may be varied based on a desired end use (e.g., the desired properties of the microporous breathable film 2). In one example, the amount of solid filler 6 ranges from about 40% to about 60% by weight of the composition, quenched film, and/or microporous breathable film. In another example, the amount of solid filler 6 ranges from about 45% to about 55% by weight of the composition, quenched film, and/or microporous breathable film. The amount of solid filler 6 may be one of several different values or fall within one of several different ranges. For example, it is within the scope of the present disclosure to select an amount of the solid filler 6 to be one of the following values: about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, or 75% by weight of the composition, quenched film, and/or microporous breathable film.
• It is also within the scope of the present disclosure for the amount of the solid filler 6 to fall within one of many different ranges. In a first set of ranges, the amount of the solid filler 6 is in one of the following ranges: about 31% to 75%, 32% to 75%, 33% to 75%, 34% to 75%, 35% to 75%, 36% to 75%, 37% to 75%, 38% to 75%, 39% to 75%, 40% to 75%, 41% to 75%, 42% to 75%, 43% to 75%, 44% to 75%, and 45% to 75% by weight of the composition, quenched film, and/or microporous breathable film. In a second set of ranges, the amount of the solid filler is in one of the following ranges: about 30% to 74%, 30% to 73%, 30% to 72%, 30% to 71%, 30% to 70%, 30% to 69%, 30% to 68%, 30% to 67%, 30% to 66%, 30% to 65%, 30% to 64%, 30% to 63%, 30% to 62%, 30% to 61%, 30% to 60%, 30% to 59%, 30% to 58%, 30% to 57%, 30% to 56%, 30% to 55%, 30% to 54%, 30% to 53%, 30% to 52%, 30% to 51%, 30% to 50%, 30% to 49%, 30% to 48%, 30% to 47%, 30% to 46%, and 30% to 45% by weight of the composition, quenched film, and/or microporous breathable film. In a third set of ranges, the amount of the solid filler is in one of the following ranges: about 31% to 74%, 32% to 73%, 33% to 72%, 34% to 71%, 35% to 70%, 36% to 69%, 37% to 68%, 38% to 67%, 39% to 66%, 40% to 65%, 41% to 64%, 42% to 63%, 43% to 62%, 44% to 61%, 45% to 60%, 45% to 59%, 45% to 58%, 45% to 57%, 45% to 56%, and 45% to 55% by weight of the composition, quenched film, and/or microporous breathable film.
• Although filler loading may be conveniently expressed in terms of weight percentages, the phenomenon of microporosity may alternatively be described in terms of volume percent of filler relative to total volume. By way of illustration, for calcium carbonate filler having a specific gravity of 2.7 g/cc and a polymer having a specific gravity of about 0.9, 35% by weight CaCO3 corresponds to a filler loading of about 15% by volume {(0.35/2.7)/(0.65/0.9+0.35/2.7)}. Similarly, the 75 weight percent upper end of the range described above corresponds to about 56% by volume of CaCO3. Thus, the amount of filler may be adjusted to provide comparable volume percentages for alternative solid fillers that have different (e.g., unusually low or high) specific gravities as compared to calcium carbonate.
• In some embodiments, to render the solid filler particles free-flowing and to facilitate their dispersion in the polymeric material, the filler particles may be coated with a fatty acid and/or other suitable processing acid. Representative fatty acids for use in this context include but are not limited to stearic acid or longer chain fatty acids.
• The type of stretching used to transform a quenched film into a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure is not restricted. All manner of stretching processes—and combinations of stretching processes—that are capable of moving (e.g., pulling) polymeric material 4 away from the surface of solid filler 6 dispersed therein in order to form micropores 8—are contemplated for use. In some examples, the stretching includes MD stretching. In other examples, the stretching includes CD IMG stretching. In further examples, the stretching includes MD IMG stretching. In still further examples, the stretching includes cold draw. In some embodiments, the stretching includes a combination of two or more different types of stretching including but not limited to MD stretching, CD IMG stretching, MD IMG stretching, cold draw, and/or the like. In some examples, the stretching includes a combination of CD IMG stretching and cold draw (which, in some embodiments, is performed subsequently to the CD IMG stretching).
• In illustrative embodiments, the type of stretching used to transform a quenched film into a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure includes CD IMG stretching. In addition, in illustrative embodiments, at least a portion of the stretching is performed at a temperature above ambient temperature. In one example, at least a portion of the stretching is performed at a temperature of between about 60 degrees Fahrenheit and about 200 degrees Fahrenheit.
• In illustrative embodiments, a process for making a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure further includes (d) annealing the microporous breathable film 2. In one example, the annealing is performed at a temperature of between about 75 degrees Fahrenheit and about 225 degrees Fahrenheit.
• In illustrative embodiments, as noted above, a microporous breathable film 2 prepared in accordance with the present disclosure (e.g., by using a vacuum box and/or air knife to cast a molten web containing a polyolefin and an inorganic filler against a chill roll) may have reduced basis weight, increased Dart Impact Strength, increased strain at peak machine direction, reduced alcohol penetration as measured by PPT testing, and/or reduced bonding force needed to achieve a destruct bond in ultrasonic sealing, as compared to conventional microporous breathable films.
• The basis weight of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure may be varied based on a desired end use (e.g., the desired properties and/or applications of the microporous breathable film). In one example, the basis weight ranges from about 5 gsm to about 30 gsm. In another example, the basis weight ranges from about 6 gsm to about 25 gsm. In illustrative embodiments, the basis weight is less than about 14 gsm and, in some examples, less than about 12 gsm. Although basis weights outside this range may also be employed (e.g., basis weights above about 30 gsm), lower basis weights minimize material cost as well as maximize consumer satisfaction (e.g., a thinner film may provide increased comfort to the user of a personal hygiene product that includes the film). The basis weight of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure may be one of several different values or fall within one of several different ranges. For example, it is within the scope of the present disclosure to select a basis weight to be one of the following values: about 30 gsm, 29 gsm, 28 gsm, 27 gsm, 26 gsm, 25 gsm, 24 gsm, 23 gsm, 22 gsm, 21 gsm, 20 gsm, 19 gsm, 18 gsm, 17 gsm, 16 gsm, 15 gsm, 14 gsm, 13 gsm, 12 gsm, 11 gsm, 10 gsm, 9 gsm, 8 gsm, 7 gsm, 6 gsm, or 5 gsm.
• It is also within the scope of the present disclosure for the basis weight of the microporous breathable film 2 to fall within one of many different ranges. In a first set of ranges, the basis weight of the microporous breathable film 2 is in one of the following ranges: about 5 gsm to 30 gsm, 6 gsm to 30 gsm, 7 gsm to 30 gsm, 8 gsm to 30 gsm, 9 gsm to 30 gsm, 10 gsm to 30 gsm, 11 gsm to 30 gsm, 12 gsm to 30 gsm, 13 gsm to 30 gsm, and 14 gsm to 30 gsm. In a second set of ranges, the basis weight of the microporous breathable film is in one of the following ranges: about 5 gsm to 29 gsm, 5 gsm to 28 gsm, 5 gsm to 27 gsm, 5 gsm to 26 gsm, 5 gsm to 25 gsm, 5 gsm to 24 gsm, 5 gsm to 23 gsm, 5 gsm to 22 gsm, 5 gsm to 21 gsm, 5 gsm to 20 gsm, 5 gsm to 19 gsm, 5 gsm to 18 gsm, 5 gsm to 17 gsm, 5 gsm to 16 gsm, 5 gsm to 15 gsm, 5 gsm to 14 gsm, 5 gsm to 13 gsm, 5 gsm to 12 gsm, 5 gsm to 11 gsm, 5 gsm to 10 gsm, 5 gsm to 9 gsm, 5 gsm to 8 gsm, and 5 gsm to 7 gsm. In a third set of ranges, the basis weight of the microporous breathable film 2 is in one of the following ranges: about 6 gsm to 29 gsm, 7 gsm to 29 gsm, 7 gsm to 28 gsm, 7 gsm to 27 gsm, 7 gsm to 26 gsm, 7 gsm to 25 gsm, 7 gsm to 24 gsm, 7 gsm to 23 gsm, 7 gsm to 22 gsm, 7 gsm to 21 gsm, 7 gsm to 20 gsm, 7 gsm to 19 gsm, 7 gsm to 18 gsm, 7 gsm to 17 gsm, 7 gsm to 16 gsm, 7 gsm to 15 gsm, 7 gsm to 14 gsm, and 7 gsm to 13 gsm.
• In illustrative embodiments, a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure exhibits a greater Dart Impact Strength than conventional microporous breathable films of similar basis weight. The basis weight of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure may be varied based on a desired Dart Impact Strength. In one example, a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm and a Dart Impact Strength of at least about 50 grams. In another example, a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm and a Dart Impact Strength of at least about 75 grams. In a further example, a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm and a Dart Impact Strength of at least about 90 grams.
• The Dart Impact Strength of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure may be one of several different values or fall within one of several different ranges. For example, for a microporous breathable film 2 having a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm—in some embodiments, less than about 13 gsm, 12 gsm, 11 gsm, 10 gsm, 9 gsm, or 8 gsm—it is within the scope of the present disclosure to select a Dart Impact Strength to be greater than or equal to one of the following values: about 50 grams, 51 grams, 52 grams, 53 grams, 54 grams, 55 grams, 56 grams, 57 grams, 58 grams, 59 grams, 60 grams, 61 grams, 62 grams, 63 grams, 64 grams, 65 grams, 66 grams, 67 grams, 68 grams, 69 grams, 70 grams, 71 grams, 72 grams, 73 grams, 74 grams, 75 grams, 76 grams, 77 grams, 78 grams, 79 grams, 80 grams, 81 grams, 82 grams, 83 grams, 84 grams, 85 grams, 86 grams, 87 grams, 88 grams, 89 grams, 90 grams, 91 grams, 92 grams, 93 grams, 94 grams, 95 grams, 96 grams, 97 grams, 98 grams, 99 grams, 100 grams, 101 grams, 102 grams, 103 grams, 104 grams, 105 grams, 106 grams, 107 grams, 108 grams, 109 grams, 110 grams, 111 grams, 112 grams, 113 grams, 114 grams, 115 grams, 116 grams, 117 grams, 118 grams, 119 grams, 120 grams, 121 grams, 122 grams, 123 grams, 124 grams, 125 grams, 126 grams, 127 grams, 128 grams, 129 grams, 130 grams, 131 grams, 132 grams, 133 grams, 134 grams, 135 grams, 136 grams, 137 grams, 138 grams, 139 grams, 140 grams, 141 grams, 142 grams, 143 grams, 144 grams, 145 grams, 146 grams, 147 grams, 148 grams, 149 grams, 150 grams, 151 grams, 152 grams, 153 grams, 154 grams, 155 grams, 156 grams, 157 grams, 158 grams, 159 grams, 160 grams, 161 grams, 162 grams, 163 grams, 164 grams, 165 grams, 166 grams, 167 grams, 168 grams, 169 grams, 170 grams, 171 grams, 172 grams, 173 grams, 174 grams, 175 grams, 176 grams, 177 grams, 178 grams, 179 grams, 180 grams, 181 grams, 182 grams, 183 grams, 184 grams, 185 grams, 186 grams, 187 grams, 188 grams, 189 grams, 190 grams, 191 grams, 192 grams, 193 grams, 194 grams, 195 grams, 196 grams, 197 grams, 198 grams, 199 grams, 200 grams, 201 grams, 202 grams, 203 grams, 204 grams, or 205 grams.
• It is also within the scope of the present disclosure for the Dart Impact Strength of the microporous breathable film 2 to fall within one of many different ranges. In a first set of ranges, the Dart Impact Strength for a microporous breathable film having a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm—in some embodiments, less than about 13 gsm, 12 gsm, 11 gsm, 10 gsm, 9 gsm, or 8 gsm—is in one of the following ranges: about 50 grams to 250 grams, 55 grams to 250 grams, 60 grams to 250 grams, 65 grams to 250 grams, 70 grams to 250 grams, 75 grams to 250 grams, 80 grams to 250 grams, 85 grams to 250 grams, 90 grams to 250 grams, 95 grams to 250 grams, 100 grams to 250 grams, 105 grams to 250 grams, 110 grams to 250 grams, 115 grams to 250 grams, 120 grams to 250 grams, 125 grams to 250 grams, 130 grams to 250 grams, 135 grams to 250 grams, 140 grams to 250 grams, 145 grams to 250 grams, 150 grams to 250 grams, 155 grams to 250 grams, 160 grams to 250 grams, 165 grams to 250 grams, 170 grams to 250 grams, 175 grams to 250 grams, 180 grams to 250 grams, 185 grams to 250 grams, 190 grams to 250 grams, 195 grams to 250 grams, 200 grams to 250 grams, and 205 grams to 250 grams. In a second set of ranges, the Dart Impact Strength for a microporous breathable film 2 having a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm—in some embodiments, less than about 13 gsm, 12 gsm, 11 gsm, 10 gsm, 9 gsm, or 8 gsm—is in one of the following ranges: about 50 grams to 249 grams, 50 grams to 245 grams, 50 grams to 240 grams, 50 grams to 235 grams, 50 grams to 230 grams, 50 grams to 225 grams, 50 grams to 220 grams, 50 grams to 215 grams, and 50 grams to 210 grams. In a third set of ranges, the Dart Impact Strength for a microporous breathable film 2 having a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm—in some embodiments, less than about 13 gsm, 12 gsm, 11 gsm, 10 gsm, 9 gsm, or 8 gsm—is in one of the following ranges: about 51 grams to about 249 grams, 55 grams to 245 grams, 60 grams to 240 grams, 65 grams to 235 grams, 70 grams to 230 grams, 75 grams to 225 grams, 80 grams to 225 grams, 85 grams to 225 grams, 90 grams to 225 grams, 95 grams to 225 grams, 100 grams to 225 grams, 105 grams to 225 grams, 110 grams to 225 grams, 115 grams to 225 grams, 120 grams to 225 grams, 125 grams to 225 grams, 130 grams to 225 grams, 135 grams to 225 grams, 140 grams to 225 grams, 145 grams to 225 grams, 150 grams to 225 grams, 155 grams to 225 grams, 160 grams to 225 grams, 165 grams to 225 grams, 170 grams to 225 grams, 175 grams to 225 grams, and 180 grams to 225 grams.
• In illustrative embodiments, a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure exhibits a greater strain at peak machine direction than conventional microporous breathable films of similar basis weight. The basis weight of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure may be varied based on a desired strain at peak machine direction. In one example, a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm and a strain at peak machine direction of at least about 75%. In another example, a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm and a strain at peak machine direction of at least about 100%. In a further example, a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm and a strain at peak machine direction of at least about 125%.
• The strain at peak machine direction of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure may be one of several different values or fall within one of several different ranges. For example, for a microporous breathable film having a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm—in some embodiments, less than about 13 gsm, 12 gsm, 11 gsm, 10 gsm, 9 gsm, or 8 gsm—it is within the scope of the present disclosure to select a strain at peak machine direction to be greater than or equal to one of the following values: about 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%, 101%, 102%, 103%, 104%, 105%, 106%, 107%, 108%, 109%, 110%, 111%, 112%, 113%, 114%, 115%, 116%, 117%, 118%, 119%, 120%, 121%, 122%, 123%, 124%, 125%, 126%, 127%, 128%, 129%, 130%, 131%, 132%, 133%, 134%, 135%, 136%, 137%, 138%, 139%, 140%, 141%, 142%, 143%, 144%, 145%, 146%, 147%, 148%, 149%, 150%, 151%, 152%, 153%, 154%, 155%, 156%, 157%, 158%, 159%, 160%, 161%, 162%, 163%, 164%, 165%, 166%, 167%, 168%, 169%, 170%, 171%, 172%, 173%, 174%, 175%, 176%, 177%, 178%, 179%, 180%, 181%, 182%, 183%, 184%, 185%, 186%, 187%, 188%, 189%, 190%, 191%, 192%, 193%, 194%, 195%, 196%, 197%, 198%, 199%, 200%, 201%, 202%, 203%, 204%, 205%, 206%, 207%, 208%, 209%, 210%, 211%, 212%, 213%, 214%, 215%, 216%, 217%, 218%, 219%, 220%, 221%, 222%, 223%, 224%, 225%, 226%, 227%, 228%, 229%, 230%, 231%, 232%, 233%, 234%, 235%, 236%, 237%, 238%, 239%, 240%, 241%, 242%, 243%, 244%, 245%, 246%, 247%, 248%, 249%, 250%, 251%, 252%, 253%, 254%, 255%, 256%, 257%, 258%, 259%, 260%, 261%, 262%, 263%, 264%, 265%, 266%, 267%, 268%, 269%, 270%, 271%, 272%, 273%, 274%, 275%, 276%, 277%, 278%, 279%, 280%, 281%, 282%, 283%, 284%, 285%, 286%, 287%, 288%, 289%, 290%, 291%, 292%, 293%, 294%, 295%, 296%, 297%, 298%, 299%, or 300%.
• It is also within the scope of the present disclosure for the strain at peak machine direction of the microporous breathable film 2 to fall within one of many different ranges. In a first set of ranges, the strain at peak machine direction for a microporous breathable film having a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm—in some embodiments, less than about 13 gsm, 12 gsm, 11 gsm, 10 gsm, 9 gsm, or 8 gsm—is in one of the following ranges: about 75% to 350%, 75% to 345%, 75% to 340%, 75% to 335%, 75% to 330%, 75% to 325%, 75% to 320%, 75% to 315%, 75% to 310%, 75% to 305%, 75% to 300%, 75% to 295%, 75% to 290%, 75% to 285%, and 75% to 280%. In a second set of ranges, the strain at peak machine direction for a microporous breathable film 2 having a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm—in some embodiments, less than about 13 gsm, 12 gsm, 11 gsm, 10 gsm, 9 gsm, or 8 gsm—is in one of the following ranges: about 76% to 350%, 77% to 350%, 78% to 350%, 79% to 350%, 80% to 350%, 81% to 350%, 82% to 350%, 83% to 350%, 84% to 350%, 85% to 350%, 86% to 350%, 87% to 350%, 88% to 350%, 89% to 350%, 90% to 350%, 91% to 350%, 92% to 350%, 93% to 350%, 94% to 350%, 95% to 350%, 96% to 350%, 97% to 350%, 98% to 350%, 99% to 350%, 100% to 350%, 101% to 350%, 102% to 350%, 103% to 350%, 104% to 350%, 105% to 350%, 106% to 350%, 107% to 350%, 108% to 350%, 109% to 350%, 110% to 350%, 111% to 350%, 112% to 350%, 113% to 350%, 114% to 350%, 115% to 350%, 116% to 350%, 117% to 350%, 118% to 350%, 119% to 350%, 120% to 350%, 121% to 350%, 122% to 350%, 123% to 350%, 124% to 350%, 125% to 350%, 126% to 350%, 127% to 350%, 128% to 350%, 129% to 350%, 130% to 350%, 131% to 350%, 132% to 350%, 133% to 350%, 134% to 350%, 135% to 350%, 136% to 350%, 137% to 350%, 138% to 350%, 139% to 350%, 140% to 350%, 141% to 350%, 142% to 350%, 143% to 350%, 144% to 350%, 145% to 350%, 146% to 350%, 147% to 350%, 148% to 350%, 149% to 350%, 150% to 350%, 151% to 350%, 152% to 350%, 153% to 350%, 154% to 350%, 155% to 350%, 156% to 350%, 157% to 350%, 158% to 350%, 159% to 350%, 160% to 350%, 161% to 350%, 162% to 350%, 163% to 350%, 164% to 350%, 165% to 350%, 166% to 350%, 167% to 350%, 168% to 350%, 169% to 350%, 170% to 350%, 171% to 350%, 172% to 350%, 173% to 350%, 174% to 350%, 175% to 350%, 176% to 350%, 177% to 350%, 178% to 350%, 179% to 350%, 180% to 350%, 181% to 350%, 182% to 350%, 183% to 350%, 184% to 350%, 185% to 350%, 186% to 350%, 187% to 350%, 188% to 350%, 189% to 350%, 190% to 350%, 191% to 350%, 192% to 350%, 193% to 350%, 194% to 350%, 195% to 350%, 196% to 350%, 197% to 350%, 198% to 350%, 199% to 350%, 200% to 350%, 201% to 350%, 202% to 350%, 203% to 350%, 204% to 350%, 205% to 350%, 206% to 350%, 207% to 350%, 208% to 350%, 209% to 350%, 210% to 350%, 211% to 350%, 212% to 350%, 213% to 350%, 214% to 350%, and 215% to 350%. In a third set of ranges, the strain at peak machine direction for a microporous breathable film 2 having a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm—in some embodiments, less than about 13 gsm, 12 gsm, 11 gsm, 10 gsm, 9 gsm, or 8 gsm—is in one of the following ranges: about 75% to 349%, 80% to 345%, 85% to 340%, 90% to 335%, 95% to 330%, 100% to 325%, 105% to 320%, 110% to 315%, 115% to 310%, 120% to 305%, 125% to 300%, 130% to 300%, 135% to 300%, 140% to 300%, 145% to 300%, 150% to 300%, 155% to 300%, 160% to 300%, 165% to 300%, 170% to 300%, 175% to 300%, 180% to 300%, 185% to 300%, 190% to 300%, 195% to 300%, 200% to 300%, 205% to 300%, 210% to 300%, 215% to 300%, 220% to 300%, and 225% to 300%.
• In illustrative embodiments, a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure exhibits reduced alcohol penetration as measured by Pressure Penetration Through a Fabric (PPT) testing. In PPT testing, the imperviousness of a film is quantified in relation to the degree to which a dye-containing alcohol penetrates the film. The amount of alcohol penetration may, in turn, be measured as the percentage of blotter paper surface area that contains red blots after a nonwoven material saturated with red dye is overlaid on a film and a weight is applied. The PPT test is further described in the Examples section below as well as in U.S. Pat. No. 9,174,420 B2, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein, except that in the event of any inconsistent disclosure or definition from the present specification, the disclosure or definition herein shall be deemed to prevail.
• The basis weight of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure may be varied based on a desired degree of alcohol penetration of the film as measured by PPT testing. In one example, a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 20 gsm and an alcohol penetration of less than about 12% as measured by PPT testing. In another example, a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 17 gsm and an alcohol penetration of less than about 12% as measured by PPT testing. In a further example, a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 12 gsm and an alcohol penetration of less than about 11% as measured by PPT testing.
• The alcohol penetration of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure as measured by PPT testing may be one of several different values or fall within one of several different ranges. For example, for a microporous breathable film having a basis weight of less than or equal to about 20 gsm—in some embodiments, less than or equal to about 19 gsm, 18 gsm, 17 gsm, 16 gsm, 15 gsm, 14 gsm, 13 gsm, 12 gsm, 11 gsm, 10 gsm, or 9 gsm—it is within the scope of the present disclosure to select an alcohol penetration of less than or equal to one of the following values: about 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0%.
• It is also within the scope of the present disclosure for the alcohol penetration of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure as measured by PPT testing to fall within one of many different ranges. In a first set of ranges, the alcohol penetration as measured by PPT testing for a microporous breathable film having a basis weight of less than or equal to about 20 gsm—in some embodiments, less than or equal to about 19 gsm, 18 gsm, 17 gsm, 16 gsm, 15 gsm, 14 gsm, 13 gsm, 12 gsm, 11 gsm, 10 gsm, or 9 gsm—is in one of the following ranges: about 0% to 25%, 0% to 24%, 0% to 23%, 0% to 22%, 0% to 21%, 0% to 20%, 0% to 19%, 0% to 18%, 0% to 17%, 0% to 16%, 0% to 15%, 0% to 14%, 0% to 13%, 0% to 12%, 0% to 11%, 0% to 10%, 0% to 9%, 0% to 8%, 0% to 7%, 0% to 6%, 0% to 5%, 0% to 4%, 0% to 3%, 0% to 2%, and 0% to 1%. In a second set of ranges, the alcohol penetration as measured by PPT testing for a microporous breathable film having a basis weight of less than or equal to about 20 gsm—in some embodiments, less than or equal to about 19 gsm, 18 gsm, 17 gsm, 16 gsm, 15 gsm, 14 gsm, 13 gsm, 12 gsm, 11 gsm, 10 gsm, or 9 gsm—is in one of the following ranges: about 0.1% to 12%, 0.2% to 12%, 0.3% to 12%, 0.4% to 12%, 0.5% to 12%, 0.6% to 12%, 0.7% to 12%, 0.8% to 12%, 0.9% to 12%, 1.0% to 12%, 1.1% to 12%, 1.2% to 12%, 1.3% to 12%, 1.4% to 12%, 1.5% to 12%, 1.6% to 12%, 1.7% to 12%, 1.8% to 12%, 1.9% to 12%, 2.0% to 12%, 2.1% to 12%, 2.2% to 12%, 2.3% to 12%, 2.4% to 12%, 2.5% to 12%, 2.6% to 12%, 2.7% to 12%, 2.8% to 12%, 2.9% to 12%, and 3.0 to 12%. In a third set of ranges, the alcohol penetration as measured by PPT testing for a microporous breathable film having a basis weight of less than or equal to about 20 gsm—in some embodiments, less than or equal to about 19 gsm, 18 gsm, 17 gsm, 16 gsm, 15 gsm, 14 gsm, 13 gsm, 12 gsm, 11 gsm, 10 gsm, or 9 gsm—is in one of the following ranges: about 0.1% to 11%, 0.2% to 10%, 0.3% to 9%, 0.4% to 8%, 0.5% to 7%, 0.5% to 6%, 0.5% to 5%, 0.5% to 4%, 0.5% to 3%, 0.5% to 2%, and 0.5% to 1%.
• In some embodiments, a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure is essentially impervious to one or more of water, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, body fluids (e.g., blood, body fats and oils, saliva, menses, feces, urine, and/or the like), and surfactant-containing disinfectants. In some embodiments, the microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has an isopropyl alcohol penetration of less than about 10%, in some embodiments less than about 5%, and in some embodiments less than about 2%. In some embodiments, a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure is essentially impervious to alcohol (e.g., isopropyl alcohol).
• In illustrative embodiments, a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure exhibits reduced bonding force to achieve a destruct bond. The destruct bond refers to a strong bond between two materials (e.g., a microporous breathable film 2 or multi-layer breathable barrier film 56 in accordance with the present disclosure bonded to a nonwoven layer), such that an attempt to separate the two materials (e.g., by pulling) damages one of the materials (e.g., the bonding agent is stronger than the materials that are bonded together).
• The basis weight of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure may be varied based on a desired bonding force. In one example, a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 20 gsm and a bonding force less than about Newtons for a 150-mm wide horn. In another example, a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 17 gsm and a bonding force less than about Newtons for a 150-mm wide horn. In a further example, a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure has a basis weight of less than about 12 gsm and a bonding force less than about Newtons for a 150-mm wide horn.
• The bonding force of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure may be one of several different values or fall within one of several different ranges. For example, for a microporous breathable film having a basis weight of less than or equal to about 20 gsm—in some embodiments, less than or equal to about 19 gsm, 18 gsm, 17 gsm, 16 gsm, 15 gsm, 14 gsm, 13 gsm, 12 gsm, 11 gsm, 10 gsm, or 9 gsm—it is within the scope of the present disclosure to select a bonding force to be less than or equal to one of the following values for a 150-mm wide horn: about Newtons, Newtons, Newtons, Newtons, Newtons, Newtons, Newtons, Newtons, Newtons, Newtons, Newtons, 900 Newtons, 800 Newtons, 700 Newtons, 600 Newtons, 500 Newtons, or 400 Newtons.
• It is also within the scope of the present disclosure for the bonding force of a microporous breathable film 2 in accordance with the present disclosure to fall within one of many different ranges. In a first set of ranges, the bonding force for a microporous breathable film having a basis weight of less than or equal to about 20 gsm—in some embodiments, less than or equal to about 19 gsm, 18 gsm, 17 gsm, 16 gsm, 15 gsm, 14 gsm, 13 gsm, 12 gsm, 11 gsm, 10 gsm, or 9 gsm—is in one of the following ranges for a 150-mm wide horn: about 300 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to 900 Newtons, 300 Newtons to 800 Newtons, 300 Newtons to 700 Newtons, 300 Newtons to 600 Newtons, and 300 Newtons to 500 Newtons. In a second set of ranges, the bonding force for a microporous breathable film having a basis weight of less than or equal to about 20 gsm—in some embodiments, less than or equal to about 19 gsm, 18 gsm, 17 gsm, 16 gsm, 15 gsm, 14 gsm, 13 gsm, 12 gsm, 11 gsm, 10 gsm, or 9 gsm—is in one of the following ranges for a 150-mm wide horn: about 100 Newtons to Newtons, 200 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to Newtons, 400 Newtons to Newtons, 500 Newtons to Newtons, 600 Newtons to Newtons, 700 Newtons to Newtons, 800 Newtons to Newtons, 900 Newtons to Newtons, Newtons to Newtons, Newtons to Newtons, Newtons to Newtons, Newtons to Newtons, and Newtons to Newtons. In a third set of ranges, the bonding force for a microporous breathable film having a basis weight of less than or equal to about 20 gsm—in some embodiments, less than or equal to about 19 gsm, 18 gsm, 17 gsm, 16 gsm, 15 gsm, 14 gsm, 13 gsm, 12 gsm, 11 gsm, 10 gsm, or 9 gsm—is in one of the following ranges for a 150-mm wide horn: about 150 Newtons to Newtons, 200 Newtons to Newtons, 250 Newtons to Newtons, 300 Newtons to Newtons, 350 Newtons to Newtons, 400 Newtons to Newtons, 450 Newtons to Newtons, 500 Newtons to Newtons, 550 Newtons to Newtons, 600 Newtons to Newtons, 650 Newtons to Newtons, 700 Newtons to 950 Newtons, 750 Newtons to 900 Newtons, and 800 Newtons to 850 Newtons.
• In some embodiments, as described above, the present disclosure provides a monolayer microporous breathable film 2. In other embodiments, the present disclosure also provides a multi-layer microporous breathable film (not shown). In one example, a multilayer microporous breathable film includes a core layer and one or more outer skin layers adjacent to the core layer. The core layer may resemble the film 2 shown in FIG. 1 and include a thermoplastic polymer (or combination of thermoplastic polymers) and a solid filler (or combination of solid fillers) dispersed therein, whereas the one or more outer skin layers may have either the same composition as the core or a different composition than the core. In one example, the skin layers may be independently selected from compositions designed to minimize the levels of volatiles building up on the extrusion die. Upon subsequent stretching, the core layer becomes microporous and breathable, while the skin layers may or may not be breathable depending upon whether or not they contain a solid filler. The thickness and composition of one or more skin layers in a multilayer version of a microporous breathable film are selected so that, when the precursor film is subsequently stretched, the resulting film is still breathable. In one example, a pair of skin layers sandwiching a core layer are relatively thin and together account for no more than about 30% of the total film thickness. In some embodiments, regardless of whether or not a skin layer contains a solid filler, the skin layer may still be breathable. For example, the skin layer may include one or more discontinuities that are introduced during the stretching process. The likelihood of discontinuities forming in a skin layer may increase as the thickness of the skin layer subjected to stretching decreases.
• In one example, a multi-layer microporous breathable films in accordance with the present disclosure may be manufactured by feed block coextrusion. In another example, a multi-layer microporous breathable films in accordance with the present disclosure may be made by blown film (tubular) coextrusion. Methods for feed block and blown film extrusion are described in The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology, pp. 233-238 (Aaron L. Brody et al. eds., 2nd Ed. ), which is incorporated herein by reference, except that in the event of any inconsistent disclosure or definition from the present specification, the disclosure or definition herein shall be deemed to prevail. Methods for film extrusion are also described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,265,055, the entire contents of which are likewise incorporated by reference herein, except that in the event of any inconsistent disclosure or definition from the present specification, the disclosure or definition herein shall be deemed to prevail.
• In some embodiments, as described above, the present disclosure provides microporous breathable films (e.g., mono-layer or multi-layer). In other embodiments, the present disclosure further provides multi-layer breathable barrier films.
• A multi-layer breathable barrier film 56 is shown, for example, in FIG. 7 . The multi-layer breathable barrier film 56 shown in FIG. 7 includes at least one microporous breathable film layer 58 and at least one monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60. The monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 includes a hygroscopic polymer. In illustrative embodiments, the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 is a monolithic hydrophilic polymer. Monolithic hydrophilic polymers are able to transmit moisture without the additional need of fillers and stretching. The mechanism of breathability in a monolithic hydrophilic polymer is accomplished by absorption and desorption of moisture.
• The at least one microporous breathable film layer 58 in FIG. 7 is analogous to the microporous breathable film 2 shown in FIG. 1 , and may be prepared by a process analogous to that described above. In one example, the at least one microporous breathable film layer 58 includes a polyolefin and an inorganic filler dispersed in the polyolefin. In illustrative embodiments, the at least one microporous breathable film layer 58 has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm and a Dart Impact Strength of greater than about 50 grams.
• In illustrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7 , the multi-layer breathable barrier film 56 further includes at least at least one additional microporous breathable film layer 62. The second microporous breathable film layer 62 may be the same as or different than the first microporous breathable film layer 58. For example, the first microporous breathable film layer 58 and the second microporous breathable film layer 62 may differ from each other in thickness, breathability, pore size, and/or thermoplastic composition.
• The at least one additional microporous breathable film layer 62—similar to the at least one microporous breathable film layer 58—is analogous to the microporous breathable film 2 shown in FIG. 1 , and may be prepared by a process analogous to that described above. In one example, the at least one additional microporous breathable film layer 62 includes a polyolefin and an inorganic filler dispersed in the polyolefin. In illustrative embodiments, the at least one additional microporous breathable film layer 62 has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm and a Dart Impact Strength of greater than about 50 grams. In illustrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7 , the at least one monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 is disposed between the at least one microporous breathable film layer 58 and the at least one additional microporous breathable film layer 62 although other configurations may likewise be implemented.
• The monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 shown in FIG. 7 provides an internal viral and alcohol barrier layer and—unlike microporous breathable film layer 58 and microporous breathable film layer 62—may be unfilled or substantially unfilled (e.g., contain an amount of solid filler that does not result in the creation of micropores as a result of stretching). In illustrative embodiments, the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 contains a hygroscopic polymer—including but not limited to the hygroscopic polymers described in International Patent Publication No. WO / A1. The entire contents of International Patent Publication No. WO / A1 are hereby incorporated by reference, except that in the event of any inconsistent disclosure or definition from the present specification, the disclosure or definition herein shall be deemed to prevail.
• The monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 provides a barrier to viruses and to alcohol penetration. In one example, a tie layer (not shown) may be used to combine dissimilar layers (e.g., monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 and one or both of microporous breathable film layer 58 and microporous breathable film layer 62). In another example, an adhesive may be blended in one or more of the adjacent dissimilar layers, thus avoiding potential loss in permeability arising from a continuous non-breathable tie layer.
• In a further example, no tie resin is present in one, more than one, or any of the layers of a multi-layer film structure. While neither desiring to be bound by any particular theory nor intending to limit in any measure the scope of the appended claims or their equivalents, it is presently believed that in some embodiments, the use of a tie resin adhesive to keep layers from separating during manufacture and handling may be avoided inasmuch as unstretched lanes of a film (e.g., such as may be produced by CD IMG activation) fulfill the function of the tie resin and facilitate adjoining of layers. For embodiments in which no tie resin is present, there may be advantages in terms of cost savings since tie resins tend to be costly. In addition, tie resins are prone to gel formation during the extrusion process, which is generally undesirable.
• The internal monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 may include a hygroscopic polymer. In illustrative embodiments, the hygroscopic polymer is selected from the group consisting of hygroscopic elastomers, polyesters, polyamides, polyetherester copolymers, polyetheramide copolymers, polyurethanes, polyurethane copolymers, poly(etherimide) ester copolymers, polyvinyl alcohols, ionomers, celluloses, nitrocelluloses, and/or the like, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the at least one monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 further includes an adhesive which, in some embodiments, includes polyethylene/acrylate copolymer, ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymer, acid-modified acrylate, anhydride-modified acrylate, ethylene vinyl acetate, acid/acrylate-modified ethylene vinyl acetate, anhydride-modified ethylene vinyl acetate, and/or the like, or a combination thereof. The monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 may be prepared from a hygroscopic polymer resin or from a combination of hygroscopic polymer resins and, optionally, from a blend of one or more hygroscopic polymer resins and one or more adhesives.
• In one example, the internal monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 may constitute from about 0.5% to about 30% of the total thickness of the film 56. In another example, the barrier layer 60 may constitute from about 1% to about 20% of the total thickness of the film 56. In a further example, the barrier layer 60 may constitute from about 2% to about 10% of the total thickness of the film 56. In some embodiments (not shown), the film 56 includes a plurality of monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layers 60, and the above-described exemplary ranges of thickness percentages may be applied to the sum of the multiple barrier layers within the film. Multi-layer breathable barrier films 56 in accordance with the present disclosure may include one or more internal monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layers 60, which may be contiguous with each other or with interposed microporous breathable layers such as microporous breathable layer 58 and microporous breathable layer 62. In illustrative embodiments, one or more moisture-permeable barrier layers 60 provided in a multi-layer breathable barrier film 56 in accordance with the present disclosure, are monolithic and do not contain any fillers that provide sites for the development of micropores. However, monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layers may contain other additives to confer desired properties to the barrier layer.
• Representative materials for the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 include but are not limited to hygroscopic polymers such as ε-caprolactone (available from Solvay Caprolactones), polyether block amides (available from Arkema PEBAX), polyester elastomer (such as Dupont Hytrel or DSM Arnitel) and other polyesters, polyamides, celluloses (e.g., cellulose fibers), nitrocelluloses (e.g., nitrocellulose fibers), ionomers (e.g., ethylene ionomers), and/or the like, and combinations thereof. In one example, fatty acid salt-modified ionomers as described in the article entitled “Development of New Ionomers with Novel Gas Permeation Properties” (Journal of Plastic Film and Sheeting, , 23, No. 2, 119-132) may be used as a monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60. In some embodiments, sodium, magnesium, and/or potassium fatty acid salt-modified ionomers may be used to provide desirable water vapor transmission properties. In some embodiments, the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 is selected from the group consisting of hygroscopic elastomers, polyesters, polyamides, polyetherester copolymers (e.g., a block polyetherester copolymer), polyetheramide copolymers (e.g., a block polyetheramide copolymer), polyurethanes, polyurethane copolymers, poly(etherimide) ester copolymers, polyvinyl alcohols, ionomers, celluloses, nitrocelluloses, and/or the like, and combinations thereof. In one example, copolyether ester block copolymers are segmented elastomers having soft polyether segments and hard polyester segments, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,739,012. Representative copolyether ester block copolymers are sold by DuPont under the trade name HYTREL®. Representative copolyether amide polymers are copolyamides sold under the trade name PEBAX® by Atochem Inc. of Glen Rock, New Jersey. Representative polyurethanes are thermoplastic urethanes sold under the trade name ESTANE® by the B. F. Goodrich Company of Cleveland, Ohio. Representative copoly(etherimide) esters are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,868,062.
• In some embodiments, the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 may include or be blended with a thermoplastic resin. Representative thermoplastic resins that may be used for this purpose include but are not limited to polyolefins, polyesters, polyetheresters, polyamides, polyether amides, urethanes, and/or the like, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the thermoplastic polymer may include (a) a polyolefin, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(i-butene), poly(2-butene), poly(i-pentene), poly(2-pentene), poly(3-methyl-1-pentene), poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), 1,2-poly-1,3-butadiene, 1,4-poly-1,3-butadiene, polyisoprene, polychloroprene, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl acetate, poly(vinylidene chloride), polystyrene, and/or the like, and combinations thereof; (b) a polyester such as poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylenes)terephthalate, poly(tetramethylene terephthalate), poly(cyclohexylene-1,4-dimethylene terephthalate), poly(oxymethylene-1,4-cyclohexylenemethyleneoxyterephthaloyl), and/or the like, and combinations thereof; and (c) a polyetherester, such as poly(oxyethylene)-poly(butylene terephthalate), poly(oxytetramethylene)-poly(ethylene terephthalate), and/or the like, and combinations thereof; and/or (d) a polyamide, such as poly(6-aminocaproic acid), poly(,-caprolactam), poly(hexamethylene adipamide), poly(hexamethylene sebacamide), poly(1 1-aminoundecanoic acid), and/or the like, and combinations thereof.
• In illustrative embodiments the hygroscopic polymer is a hygroscopic elastomer. A variety of additives may be added to the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 to provide additional properties such as antimicrobial effects, odor control, static decay, and/or the like. One or more monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layers 60 is placed in the film 56 to impede the flow of liquids, liquid borne pathogens, viruses, and other microorganisms that may be carried by a liquid challenge.
• One or more of the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layers 60, microporous breathable film layer 58, and microporous breathable film layer 62 in the multi-layer breathable barrier film 56 may include one or more adhesives for adhering the internal monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 to contiguous layers to form the multi-layer film 56. In one example, adhesive may be components suitable for adhering two or more layers together. In one example, adhesives are compatibilizing adhesives that increase the compatibility of the layers as well as adhering the layers to one another. The adhesives may be included in the resin or other extrudable material before extruding that resin into the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60. Representative compatibilizing adhesives include but are not limited to polyethylene/acrylate copolymer, ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymer, acid-modified acrylate, anhydride-modified acrylate, ethylene vinyl acetate, acid/acrylate-modified ethylene vinyl acetate, anhydride-modified ethylene vinyl acetate, and/or the like, and combinations thereof. In one example, when one of the microporous breathable layer 58, the microporous breathable layer 62 and the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 includes an adhesive, the adhesive may have a relatively high methacrylate content (e.g., a methacrylate content of at least about 20% to 25%). In some embodiments, the internal monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 may be prepared from blends including up to about 50% by weight adhesive and at least about 50% by weight hygroscopic polymer.
• In some embodiments, the hygroscopic polymer may be dried before it is extruded. Feeding pre-dried hygroscopic elastomer in small amounts to an extruder has proven to be effective in avoiding moisture absorption, preventing hydrolysis of the hygroscopic elastomer, and reducing or eliminating the formation of dark blue gels and holes in web. In some higher stretch ratio cases, gels rendered holes and even web break.
• A multi-layer breathable barrier film 56 in accordance with the present disclosure may contain one or a plurality of monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layers 60, each of which may be placed in any order in the inner layers of the film structure. In illustrative embodiments, the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 is not placed on the outer surface of the resultant film 56 in order to avoid damage caused by foreign materials. In one example, when the film 56 contains a plurality of monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layers 60, individual monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layers 60 are not placed adjacent to each other inside the film in order to increase efficacy. When a plurality of monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layers 60 is used, the individual monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layers 60 may differ from each other in thickness and/or type of thermoplastic polymer.
• In one example, a representative structure for a multi-layer breathable barrier film 56 contains five layers (not shown), with one monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer being in the core of the structure and four microporous breathable film layers being arranged around the core. In one example, the five-layer breathable barrier film has a A-C-B-C-A structure, wherein A represents a first microporous breathable film layer, C represents a second microporous breathable film layer that is different than or the same as the first microporous breathable film layer, and B represents a monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer.
• In one example, the outermost microporous breathable film layer (A and/or C) contains Dow G LLDPE or Dow PL ULDPE or Dow LLDPE, and calcium carbonate. Additional antioxidants, colorants, and/or processing aids may optionally be added. The microporous breathable film layer A may differ from the microporous breathable film layer C in the amount and/or identity of solid filler present (e.g., calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, talc, glass spheres, other inorganic particles, etc.). The inner monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer B may contain a hygroscopic elastomer such as Dupont HYTREL PET and an adhesive such as Dupont BYNEL 20% EVA or Dupont AC acrylate, with additional antioxidants, colorants, and processing aids optionally being added. In one example, the inner monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer B contains about 50% adhesive and about 50% by weight or more of hygroscopic elastomer. Instead of a polyester elastomer, other hygroscopic polymers, such as ε-caprolactone, polyester block amides, polyester elastomers, polyamides, and blends thereof may be utilized as the inner monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layers.
• Multi-layer breathable barrier films 56 of a type described above are not limited to any specific kind of film structure. Other film structures may achieve the same or similar result as the three-layer film 56 shown in FIG. 7 or the five-layer structure A-C-B-C-A described above. Film structure is a function of equipment design and capability. For example, the number of layers in a film depends only on the technology available and the desired end use for the film. Representative examples of film structures that may be implemented in accordance with the present disclosure include but are not limited to the following, wherein A represents a microporous breathable film layer (e.g., 58 or 62) and B represents an alcohol and viral monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer (e.g., 60):
• • A-B-A
  • A-A-B-A
  • A-B-A-A
  • A-A-B-A-A
  • A-B-A-A-A
  • A-B-A-B-A
  • A-B-A-A-A-A-A
  • A-A-B-A-A-A-A
  • A-A-A-B-A-A-A
  • A-B-A-A-A-B-A
  • A-B-A-A-B-A-A
  • A-B-A-B-A-A-A
  • A-B-A-B-A-B-A
  • A-B-A-A-A-A-A-A
  • A-A-B-A-A-A-A-A
  • A-A-A-B-A-A-A-A
  • A-B-A-A-A-A-B-A.
• In the above-described exemplary film structures, each of the microporous breathable film layers A may include two or more microporous breathable film layers in order to better control other film properties, such as the ability to bond to nonwovens. For example, when there are two microporous breathable film layers in one A microporous breathable film layer, and when C represents the second microporous breathable film layer, some exemplary film structures are as follows:
• • A-C-B-C-A
  • A-C-A-C-B-C-A
  • A-C-B-C-A-C-A
  • A-C-A-C-B-C-A-C-A
  • A-C-B-C-A-C-A-C-A
  • A-C-B-C-A-B-C-A
• Additionally, die technology that allows production of multiple layers in a multiplier fashion may be used. For example, an ABA structure may be multiplied from about 10 to about times. The resulting 10-time multiplied ABA structure may be expressed as follows:
• • A-B-A-A-B-A-A-B-A-A-B-A-A-B-A-A-B-A-A-B-A-A-B-A-A-B-A-A-B-A
• Representative applications using a microporous breathable film 2 and/or a multi-layer breathable barrier film 56 include but are not limited to medical gowns, diaper back sheets, drapes, packaging, garments, articles, carpet backing, upholstery backing, bandages, protective apparel, feminine hygiene, building construction, bedding and/or the like. Films in accordance with the present disclosure may be laminated to a fabric, scrim, or other film support by thermal, ultrasonic, and/or adhesive bonding. The support may be attached to at least one face of the film and or to both faces of the film. The laminate may be made using wovens, knits, nonwovens, paper, netting, or other films. Adhesive bonding may be used to prepare such laminates. Adhesive bonding may be performed with adhesive agents such as powders, adhesive webs, liquid, hot-melt and solvent-based adhesives. Additionally, these types of support may be used with ultrasonic or thermal bonding if the polymers in the support are compatible with the film surface. Laminates of the present multilayer films and nonwoven fabrics may provide surgical barriers. In one example, the fabrics are spunbonded or spunbond-meltblown-spunbond (SMS) fabrics. In another example, the fabrics may be spunlaced, airlaid, powder-bonded, thermal-bonded, or resin-bonded. The encasing of the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 protects the monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 from mechanical damage or thermal damage and allows for thermal and ultrasonic bonding of the multilayer film at extremely low thicknesses.
• Multi-layer breathable barrier films 56 in accordance with the present disclosure may be used in applications in the medical field. Porous webs are used currently in the medical field for Ethylene Oxide (EtO) sterilization as the gas must be able to permeate packaging in order to sterilize the contents. These porous webs are often used as the top sheets for rigid trays and as breather films in pouches. Medical paper is commonly used for these purposes as is Tyvek (spunbond HDPE). The multi-layer breathable barrier films 56 in accordance with the present disclosure may be used to replace either of these products in such applications.
• In one example, multi-layer breathable barrier films 56 in accordance with the present disclosure may be used in any application that involves a blood barrier. For example, disposable blankets, operating table covers, or surgical drapes may incorporate a multilayer breathable barrier film 56 in accordance with the present disclosure, as they represent blood barrier applications that might function more comfortably with a breathable substrate.
• In some embodiments, as described above, the present disclosure provides microporous breathable films 2 (e.g., mono-layer or multi-layer) and multi-layer breathable barrier films 56. In other embodiments, the present disclosure further provides personal hygiene products containing one or more microporous breathable films (e.g., mono-layer or multi-layer) in accordance with the present disclosure, and/or one or more multi-layer breathable barrier films in accordance with the present disclosure. In illustrative embodiments, a personal hygiene product in accordance with the present disclosure includes at least one inner microporous breathable film 2 prepared by a process as described above and at least one outer non-woven layer. The at least one inner microporous breathable film 2 is configured for contacting skin and/or clothing of a user of the personal hygiene product. In some embodiments, the personal hygiene product further includes at least one monolithic moisture-permeable barrier layer 60 disposed between the at least one inner microporous breathable film 2 and the at least one outer non-woven layer.
• In one example, the at least one inner microporous breathable film is bonded to the at least one outer non-woven layer without an adhesive (e.g., via heat sealing, ultrasonic welding, and/or the like). In some embodiments, each of the at least one inner microporous breathable film 2 and the at least one outer non-woven layer comprises polypropylene and/or polyethylene. In illustrative embodiments, the inner microporous breathable film 2 includes calcium carbonate as the solid filler.
• In illustrative embodiments, the personal hygiene product in accordance with the present disclosure is configured as an incontinence brief, a surgical gown, or a feminine hygiene product.
• The following numbered clauses include embodiments that are contemplated and non-limiting:
• • Clause 1. A process for making a microporous breathable film comprising the steps of
    • extruding a composition comprising a polyolefin and an inorganic filler to form a molten web,
    • casting the molten web against a surface of a chill roll using an air knife, air blanket, a vacuum box, or a combination thereof to form a quenched film, and
    • stretching the quenched film to form the microporous breathable film.
  • Clause 2. The process of clause 1, wherein the polyolefin comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 3. The process of clause 1, wherein the polyolefin comprises low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, ultra-low density polyethylene, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 4. The process of clause 1, wherein the polyolefin comprises linear low density polyethylene.
  • Clause 5. The process of clause 1, wherein the polyolefin comprises linear low density polyethylene and the linear low density polyethylene comprises a metallocene polyethylene.
  • Clause 6. The process of clause 1, wherein the polyolefin comprises polypropylene.
  • Clause 7. The process of clause 1, wherein the inorganic filler comprises from about 30% to about 75% by weight of the microporous breathable film.
  • Clause 8. The process of clause 1, wherein an average particle size of the inorganic filler is between about 0.1 microns and about 15 microns.
  • Clause 9. The process of clause 1, wherein the inorganic filler is selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, alumina, mica, talc, silica, clay, glass spheres, titanium dioxide, aluminum hydroxide, zeolites, and a combination thereof.
  • Clause 10. The process of clause 1, wherein the inorganic filler comprises an alkali metal carbonate, an alkaline earth metal carbonate, an alkali metal sulfate, an alkaline earth metal sulfate, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 11. The process of clause 1, wherein the inorganic filler comprises calcium carbonate.
  • Clause 12. The process of clause 1, wherein the molten web is cast against the surface of the chill roll under negative pressure by the vacuum box.
  • Clause 13. The process of clause 1, wherein the molten web is cast against the surface of the chill roll under positive pressure by the air knife.
  • Clause 14. The process of clause 1, wherein an exit temperature of cooling fluid passing through the chill roll is between about 50 degrees Fahrenheit and about 130 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • Clause 15. The process of clause 1, wherein the stretching comprises machine direction (MD) stretching, cross-direction (CD) stretching, intermeshing gear (IMG) stretching, cold drawing, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 16. The process of clause 1, wherein the stretching comprises cross-directional intermeshing gear (CD IMG) stretching.
  • Clause 17. The process of clause 1, wherein the stretching comprises cross-directional intermeshing gear (CD IMG) stretching and cold draw.
  • Clause 18. The process of clause 1, wherein at least a portion of the stretching is performed at a temperature of between about 60 degrees Fahrenheit and about 200 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • Clause 19. The process of clause 1, further comprising annealing the microporous breathable film.
  • Clause 20. The process of clause 1, further comprising annealing the microporous breathable film in which the annealing is performed at a temperature of between about 75 degrees Fahrenheit and about 225 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • Clause 21. The process of clause 1, wherein the microporous breathable film has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm.
  • Clause 22. The process of clause 21, wherein the microporous breathable film has a basis weight of less than about 12 gsm.
  • Clause 23. A process for making a microporous breathable film comprising the steps of
    • extruding a composition that comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, or a combination thereof and an alkaline earth metal carbonate to form a molten web, the alkaline earth metal carbonate comprising at least about 50% by weight of the microporous breathable film,
    • casting the molten web against a surface of a chill roll under negative pressure by a vacuum box to form a quenched film,
    • stretching the quenched film by cross-directional intermeshing gear (CD IMG) stretching to form the microporous breathable film, and
    • annealing the microporous breathable film at a temperature of between about 75 and about 225 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • Clause 24. A microporous breathable film comprising
    • a polyolefin and an inorganic filler dispersed in the polyolefin,
    • wherein the microporous breathable film has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm and a Dart Impact Strength of greater than about 50 grams.
  • Clause 25. The microporous breathable film of clause 24, wherein the microporous breathable film has a basis weight of less than about 13 gsm and a Dart Impact Strength of at least about 75 grams.
  • Clause 26. The microporous breathable film of clause 24, wherein the microporous breathable film has a basis weight of less than about 13 gsm and a Dart Impact Strength of at least about 100 grams.
  • Clause 27. The microporous breathable film of clause 24, wherein the microporous breathable film has a basis weight of less than about 9 gsm and a Dart Impact Strength of at least about 100 grams.
  • Clause 28. The microporous breathable film of clause 24, wherein the microporous breathable film has a basis weight of less than about 8 gsm.
  • Clause 29. The microporous breathable film of clause 24, wherein the polyolefin comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 30. The microporous breathable film of clause 24, wherein the polyolefin comprises low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, ultra-low density polyethylene, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 31. The microporous breathable film of clause 24, wherein the polyolefin comprises linear low density polyethylene.
  • Clause 32. The microporous breathable film of clause 24, wherein the polyolefin consists essentially of linear low density polyethylene.
  • Clause 33. The microporous breathable film of clause 24, wherein the polyolefin comprises linear low density polyethylene, and the linear low density polyethylene comprises a metallocene polyethylene.
  • Clause 34. The microporous breathable film of clause 24, wherein the polyolefin comprises polypropylene.
  • Clause 35. The microporous breathable film of clause 24, wherein the inorganic filler comprises from about 30% to about 75% by weight of the microporous breathable film.
  • Clause 36. The microporous breathable film of clause 24, wherein the inorganic filler comprises from about 50% to about 75% by weight of the microporous breathable film.
  • Clause 37. The microporous breathable film of clause 24, wherein the inorganic filler comprises an alkali metal carbonate, an alkaline earth metal carbonate, an alkali metal sulfate, an alkaline earth metal sulfate, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 38. The microporous breathable film of clause 24, wherein the inorganic filler comprises calcium carbonate.
  • Clause 39. The microporous breathable film of clause 24, wherein the microporous breathable film has a strain at peak machine direction of at least about 150%.
  • Clause 40. The microporous breathable film of clause 24, wherein the microporous breathable film has a strain at peak machine direction of at least about 175%.
  • Clause 41. The microporous breathable film of clause 24, wherein the microporous breathable film has a strain at peak machine direction of at least about 200%.
  • Clause 42. The microporous breathable film of clause 24, wherein the microporous breathable film has a strain at peak machine direction of at least about 215%.
  • Clause 43. A microporous breathable film comprising
    • linear low density polyethylene and an alkaline earth metal dispersed in the linear low density polyethylene,
    • wherein the alkaline earth metal comprises from about 50% to about 75% by weight of the microporous breathable film,
    • wherein the microporous breathable film has a basis weight of less than about 13 gsm and a Dart Impact Strength of at least about 90 grams, and
    • wherein the microporous breathable film has a strain at peak machine direction of at least about 90%.
  • Clause 44. The microporous breathable film of clause 43, wherein the microporous breathable film has a strain at peak machine direction of at least about 125%.
  • Clause 45. The microporous breathable film of clause 43, wherein the microporous breathable film has a strain at peak machine direction of at least about 150%.
  • Clause 46. The microporous breathable film of clause 43, wherein the microporous breathable film has a strain at peak machine direction of at least about 200%.
  • Clause 47. A multi-layer breathable barrier film comprising
    • at least one microporous breathable film layer comprising a polyolefin and an inorganic filler dispersed in the polyolefin, wherein the at least one microporous breathable film layer has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm and a Dart Impact Strength of greater than about 50 grams, and
    • at least one moisture-permeable barrier layer comprising a hygroscopic polymer.
  • Clause 48. The multi-layer breathable barrier film of clause 47 further comprising at least one additional microporous breathable film layer, wherein the at least one additional microporous breathable film layer comprises a polyolefin and an inorganic filler dispersed in the polyolefin, wherein the at least one additional microporous breathable film layer has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm and a Dart Impact Strength of greater than about 50 grams, wherein the at least one microporous breathable film layer and the at least one additional microporous breathable film layer are the same or different, and wherein the at least one moisture-permeable barrier layer is disposed between the at least one microporous breathable film layer and the at least one additional microporous breathable film layer.
  • Clause 49. The multi-layer breathable barrier film of clause 47, wherein the hygroscopic polymer is selected from the group consisting of hygroscopic elastomers, polyesters, polyamides, polyetherester copolymers, polyetheramide copolymers, polyurethanes, polyurethane copolymers, poly(etherimide) ester copolymers, polyvinyl alcohols, ionomers, celluloses, nitrocelluloses, and a combination thereof.
  • Clause 50. A multi-layer breathable barrier film comprising
    • at least one microporous breathable film layer prepared by the process of clause 1,
    • at least one moisture-permeable barrier layer comprising a hygroscopic polymer, and
    • at least one additional microporous breathable film prepared by the process of clause 1,
    • wherein the at least one microporous breathable film layer and the at least one additional microporous breathable film layer are the same or different, and
    • wherein the at least one moisture-permeable barrier layer is disposed between the at least one microporous breathable film layer and the at least one additional microporous breathable film.
  • Clause 51. The multi-layer breathable barrier film of clause 50, wherein the hygroscopic polymer is selected from the group consisting of hygroscopic elastomers, polyesters, polyamides, polyetherester copolymers, polyetheramide copolymers, polyurethanes, polyurethane copolymers, poly(etherimide) ester copolymers, polyvinyl alcohols, ionomers, celluloses, nitrocelluloses, and a combination thereof.
  • Clause 52. The multi-layer breathable barrier film of clause 50, wherein the at least one moisture-permeable barrier layer further comprises an adhesive.
  • Clause 53. The multi-layer breathable barrier film of clause 50, wherein the at least one moisture-permeable barrier layer further comprises an adhesive, and the adhesive comprises polyethylene/acrylate copolymer, ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymer, acid-modified acrylate, anhydride-modified acrylate, ethylene vinyl acetate, acid/acrylate-modified ethylene vinyl acetate, anhydride-modified ethylene vinyl acetate, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 54. A personal hygiene product comprising
    • at least one inner microporous breathable film prepared by the process of clause 1, the at least one inner microporous breathable film being configured for contacting skin and/or clothing of a user of the personal hygiene product, and
    • at least one outer non-woven layer.
  • Clause 55. The personal hygiene product of clause 54 further comprising at least one moisture-permeable barrier layer disposed between the at least one inner microporous breathable film and the at least one outer non-woven layer.
  • Clause 56. The personal hygiene product of clause 54, wherein the at least one inner microporous breathable film is bonded to the at least one outer non-woven layer without an adhesive.
  • Clause 57. The personal hygiene product of clause 54, wherein each of the at least one inner microporous breathable film and the at least one outer non-woven layer comprises polypropylene.
  • Clause 58. The personal hygiene product of clause 54, wherein the product is configured as an incontinence brief.
  • Clause 59. The personal hygiene product of clause 54, wherein the product is configured as a surgical gown.
  • Clause 60. The personal hygiene product of clause 54, wherein the product is configured as a feminine hygiene product.
• The following examples and representative procedures illustrate features in accordance with the present disclosure, and are provided solely by way of illustration. They are not intended to limit the scope of the appended claims or their equivalents.
EXAMPLES General
• For production of the example films, an extrusion cast line with up to 3 extruders was used. The “A” and “B” extruders are 2½″ in diameter, and the “C” extruder is 1¾″ in diameter. The extruders feed into a combining feedblock manufactured by Cloeren Corporation of Orange, TX, which can layer the A, B and C extruder outputs in a variety of configurations. From the feedblock, the molten polymer proceeds into a monolayer cast die (manufactured by Cloeren) that is about 36″ wide. The die has an adjustable gap. For the samples described herein, the adjustable gap was maintained between 10 and 40 mils. The molten polymer drops down to a chill roll. For the samples described herein, the chill roll had an embossed pattern FST-250 which was engraved by Pamarco of Roselle, NJ as their pattern P-. The embossed pattern P- is a square pattern (e.g., with lines nearly aligned with the Machine Direction) with 250 squares per inch and a depth of about 31 microns. The roll itself has an 18″ diameter with internal water cooling. The engrave roll pattern may be replaced with other patterns that are shallow enough not to interfere with a vacuum box quench. One alternative is a 40 Ra pattern (40 micro-inch average roughness) generated by a sand-blasting process on a chrome plated roll.
Example 1—Comparison of Conventional Embossed Film to Chill Cast Vacuum Box Film
• In this experiment, microporous breathable films were made from the formulation XC3-121-.0 shown in Table 1.
• TABLE 1 Composition of XC3-121-.0 Amount of Layer % Component EXTRUDER (Total) COMPONENT (Weight %) A 97 T994L3 75 (CaCO3) 15 (metallocene polyethylene) 640 10 (LDPE) C 1.5/1.5 LD516.LN 100 (split) (polyethylene)
• The molten web formed by extrusion of the composition XC3-121-.0 shown in Table 1 was quenched by either a conventional embossed roll process or a chill cast vacuum box process in accordance with the present disclosure on a 250T roll (.9 rpm setting). The physical properties of a film made by the conventional embossed roll process and a film made by the chill cast process in accordance with the present disclosure are shown in Table 2. Table 2 further includes physical properties for a third film made by the chill cast vacuum box process, which was down-gauged to 12.21 gsm. In Table 2 and in subsequent tables, Elmendorf tear results that are below the assay range of the equipment are indicated by an asterisk and should be regarded as being for reference only.
• TABLE 2 Comparison of Physical Properties of Microporous Breathable Film Prepared by Conventional Embossing Process vs. Chill Cast Vacuum Box Process. Down- Gauged Embossed Chill Chill Physical Property Units FST250 Cast Cast Basis Weight g/m2 16.60 16.60 12.21 Emboss Depth mil 0.90 0.70 0.60 Light Transmission % 43.3 40.5 47.7 COF, Static - In\In Index 0.56 0.54 0.56 COF, Static - Out\Out Index 0.58 0.57 0.57 COF, Kinetic - In\In Index 0.53 0.51 0.53 COF, Kinetic - Out\Out Index 0.56 0.56 0.52 WVTR 100K g/m2/day Force @ Peak MD g/in 563 695 584 Strain @ Peak MD % 292 164 83 Force @ Break MD g/in 563 695 581 Strain @ Break MD % 292 164 93 Force @ Yield MD g/in 402 624 429 Strain @ Yield MD % 13 13 8 Force @ 5% Strain MD g/in 285 360 316 Force @ 10% Strain MD g/in 385 575 515 Force @ 25% Strain MD g/in 429 670 577 Force @ 50% Strain MD g/in 438 669 576 Force @ 100% Strain g/in 447 673 — MD Elmendorf Tear MD gf 32.3* 19.2* 9.3* Force @ Peak TD g/in 337 334 245 Strain @ Peak TD % 523 492 516 Force @ Break TD g/in 337 334 245 Strain @ Break TD % 523 492 515 Force @ Yield TD g/in 206 228 161 Strain @ Yield TD % 24 24 25 Force @ 5% Strain TD g/in 126 145 100 Force @ 10% Strain TD g/in 162 184 126 Force @ 25% Strain TD g/in 208 231 161 Force @ 50% Strain TD g/in 225 248 176 Force @ 100% Strain g/in 227 248 175 TD Elmendorf Tear TD gf 275 451 324 § Slow Puncture - ¼″ gf 234 282 214 (D3)
• As shown by the data in Table 2, a microporous breathable film in accordance with the present disclosure shows substantially improved TD tear, and puncture properties as compared to a conventional embossed roll film. For example, microporous breathable films prepared by the chill cast process show greater MD tensile strength and less MD elongation as compared to the embossed film. Moreover, surprisingly, the non-embossed microporous breathable film exhibits a reduced water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) as compared to the comparable embossed film. This observation stands in contrast to the findings reported in U.S. Pat. No. 6,656,581, which states that the MVTR (moisture vapor transmission rate) of a non-embossed film is greater than the MVTR of a comparable embossed film that is incrementally stretched under essentially the same conditions.
• The embossed process is prone to draw resonance. As a result, microporous breathable films prepared by a conventional embossing process typically include LDPE to assist in the processing. However, for microporous breathable films prepared by a chill cast vacuum box quenching process in accordance with the present teachings, the LDPE may be omitted, thereby affording stronger films having properties that were heretofore unachievable with conventional films.
Example 2—Microporous Breathable Films Prepared by Vacuum Box Process
• Seven formulations containing a CaCO3-containing compound (CF or T998K5) were used to prepare microporous breathable films in accordance with the present disclosure. In each of these seven formulations, the CaCO3-containing compound (CF or T998K5) is present in 70% by weight and PPA is present in 2%. The remainder of the formulations is a polymer or polymer blend. The composition of the seven formulations, including the compositions of the polymer/polymer blend constituting the balance, is shown in Table 3 below.
• TABLE 3 Formulations for Microporous Breathable Films. CaCO3 Compound Formulation 70% Polymer/Polymer Blend No. (w/w) 28% (w/w) 1 CF 18% EXCEED LL (ExxonMobil, metallocene polyethylene resin, narrow MWD, density = 0.927 g/cm3)/ 10% Dow 640 (DOW Chemical Company, low density polyethylene resin, autoclave, branched broad MWD, density = 0.922 g/cm3) 2 CF 28% LL 3 CF 28% EXCEED LL (ExxonMobil, metallocene polyethylene resin, narrow MWD, density = 0.918 g/cm3) 4 CF 28% EXCEED LL (ExxonMobil, metallocene polyethylene resin, narrow MWD, density = 0.918 g/cm3) 5 CF 28% D350 (Chevron Phillips, MARFLEX linear low density polyethylene, density = 0.933 g/cm3) 6 T998K5 18% LL, 10% Dow 640 7 T998K5 28% LL
• The films made from formulations 1 and 6 were 14 gsm, whereas films made from formulations 2-5 and 7 were 12 gsm.
• The composition of the CaCO3-containing compounds CF and T998K5 shown in Table 3 are specified in Table 4 below.
• TABLE 4 Composition of CaCO3 Compounds used in the Formulations of Table 3. CF T998K5 Component Amount of Component Amount of Component EXCEED LL 28 EXCEED LL 26 FilmLink 500 60 60 (CaCO3) TiO2 12 14
• The seven formulations shown in Table 3 were used to make a series of microporous breathable films. The films were subjected to varying amounts of pre-stretch and, in some cases to MD IMG stretching. The physical properties of the films thus prepared are summarized in Tables 5, 6, and 7 below.
• TABLE 5 Physical Properties of Microporous Breathable Films A-G. A B C D E F G Formulation XC1-2- XC1-2- XC1-2- XC1-2- XC1-2- XC1-2- XC1-2- .0 .0 .0 .1 .1 .1 .2 Pre-stretch 50 70 50 50 70 50 50 MD IMG? No No Yes No No Yes No Polymer/Polymer Blend Blend / Blend / Blend / 640 640 640 Sole Sole Sole Sole Compound Physical Property Units CF CF CF CF CF CF CF Basis Weight g/m2 13.60 13.61    13.07 11.32 12.19 11.63 11.31 Density g/cc 1. 1.     1. 1. 1. 1. 1. Light Transmission % 41.8 39.3   42.1 46.3 44.4 45.3 49.1 Gloss—In % @ 45° 9.5 9.2    8.8 6.7 6.9 7.2 7.0 Gloss—Out % @ 45° 9.1 8.7    9.1 7.0 6.9 7.3 7.1 COF, Static—In\In — 0.500 0.535     0.552 0.580 0.618 0.625 0.610 COF, Static—Out\Out — 0.548 0.517     0.530 0.600 0.612 0.607 0.620 COF, Kinetic—In\In — 0.451 0.458     0.456 0.486 0.503 0.490 0.519 COF, Kinetic—Out\Out — 0.450 0.460     0.459 0.494 0.499 0.486 0.518 WVTR 100K g/m2/day   Tensile Gauge MD mil 0.38 0.37    0.37 0.30 0.34 0.31 0.33 Force @ Peak MD g/in 737 1,015 806 690 887 660 861 Strain @ Peak MD % 148 177 154 217 220 193 224 Force @ Break MD g/in 694 969 746 675 844 650 844 Strain @ Break MD % 154 180 158 219 222 193 225 Force @ Yield MD g/in 665 813 712 274 250 278 210 Strain @ Yield MD % 15 15  15 11 8 11 9 Force @ 5% Strain MD g/in 274 314 272 191 205 186 139 Force @ 10% Strain MD g/in 522 607 528 270 295 272 215 Force @ 25% Strain MD g/in 681 839 731 323 361 334 272 Force @ 50% Strain MD g/in 662 817 708 343 387 358 303 Force @ 100% Strain MD g/in 675 838 721 369 420 390 353 TEA MD FtLb/in2 976 1,485 1,103   1,099 1,179 942 1,061 Elmendorf Tear MD Arm g 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Elmendorf Tear MD gf 6.7* 6.2*   7* 13.8* 9.4* 14.2* 16.1* Tensile Gauge TD mil 0.38 0.37    0.37 0.30 0.34 0.31 0.33 Force @ Peak TD g/in 270 229 256 204 212 194 184 Strain @ Peak TD % 403 422 468 403 407 400 445 Force @ Break TD g/in 259 217 245 194 204 185 177 Strain @ Break TD % 410 429 472 408 411 404 450 Force @ Yield TD g/in 173 159 167 160 163 143 125 Strain @ Yield TD % 21 25  26 31 31 28 27 Force @ 5% Strain TD g/in 99 89  88 77 79 76 72 Force @ 10% Strain TD g/in 135 119 124 106 108 100 95 Force @ 25% Strain TD g/in 180 158 166 151 153 140 123 Force @ 50% Strain TD g/in 182 171 179 171 176 149 137 Force @ 100% Strain TD g/in 197 178 181 171 175 160 139 TEA TD FtLb/in2 859 809 934 875 803 788 738 Elmendorf Tear TD Arm g 1,600 800 1,600   1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 Elmendorf Tear TD gf 330 247 301 312 378 335 355 Dart Drop (26″) g 63 67  62 124 128 125 141 § Slow Puncture—¼″ (D3) gf 311 332 277 214 229 213 195
• TABLE 6 Physical Properties of Microporous Breathable Films H-N. H I J K L M N Formulation XC1-2- XC1-2- XC1-2- XC1-2- XC1-2- XC1-2- XC1-2- .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .4 .4 Pre-stretch 70 50 50 70 50 50 70 MD IMG? No Yes No No Yes No No Polymer/Polymer Blend Sole Sole Sole Sole Sole Sole D350 Sole D350 Compound Physical Property Units CF CF CF CF CF CF CF Basis Weight g/m2 11.45 11.37 11.25 11.48 11.56 11.79    11.05 Density g/cc 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.     1. Light Transmission % 46.1 47.4 45.9 45.0 45.1 43.6   43.7 Gloss—In % @ 45° 6.9 7.1 6.9 7.1 7.0 6.4    7.1 Gloss—Out % @ 45° 7.2 7.4 7.2 7.3 7.1 7.4    7.2 COF, Static—In\In — 0.652 0.630 0.625 0.622 0.617 0.600     0.600 COF, Static—Out\Out — 0.650 0.640 0.640 0.628 0.627 0.593     0.567 COF, Kinetic—In\In — 0.524 0.523 0.508 0.515 0.515 0.481     0.483 COF, Kinetic—Out\Out — 0.526 0.535 0.521 0.524 0.522 0.484     0.479 WVTR 100K g/m2/day   Tensile Gauge MD mil 0.31 0.33 0.30 0.35 0.31 0.33    0.30 Force @ Peak MD g/in 944 754 1,298 1,487 1,436 1,297 1,335   Strain @ Peak MD % 202 198 153 137 148 178 150 Force @ Break MD g/in 912 742 1,245 1,403 1,400 1,241 1,297   Strain @ Break MD % 202 199 154 138 148 179 150 Force @ Yield MD g/in 274 218 230 177 215 341 381 Strain @ Yield MD % 10 10 8 6 8 10  10 Force @ 5% Strain MD g/in 185 143 158 161 142 201 216 Force @ 10% Strain MD g/in 278 222 273 294 267 339 370 Force @ 25% Strain MD g/in 353 285 393 450 406 468 542 Force @ 50% Strain MD g/in 394 318 472 560 499 508 598 Force @ 100% Strain MD g/in 462 373 664 882 755 628 802 TEA MD FtLb/in2 1,219 902 1,173 1,041 1,176 1,350 1,351   Elmendorf Tear MD Arm g 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Elmendorf Tear MD gf 14.7* 18.2* 6.4* 4.6* 5.6* 4.4*   5* Tensile Gauge TD mil 0.31 0.33 0.30 0.35 0.31 0.33    0.30 Force @ Peak TD g/in 201 201 221 199 194 254 218 Strain @ Peak TD % 521 482 500 503 464 505 487 Force @ Break TD g/in 189 193 207 189 189 246 210 Strain @ Break TD % 525 485 503 505 468 508 492 Force @ Yield TD g/in 113 122 128 115 122 174 153 Strain @ Yield TD % 24 25 20 18 19 27  28 Force @ 5% Strain TD g/in 70 74 88 85 85 89  84 Force @ 10% Strain TD g/in 90 96 110 103 106 123 111 Force @ 25% Strain TD g/in 114 123 133 121 127 170 149 Force @ 50% Strain TD g/in 128 136 144 131 138 179 160 Force @ 100% Strain TD g/in 129 137 144 132 139 176 162 TEA TD FtLb/in2 908 818 994 779 832 1,101 1,052   Elmendorf Tear TD Arm g 1,600 800 1,600 1,600 800 1,600 1,600   Elmendorf Tear TD gf 312 320 396 364 347 417 297 Dart Drop (26″) g 129 146 179 200 197 160 154 § Slow Puncture—¼″ (D3) gf 209 208 285 283 282 296 275
• TABLE 7 Physical Properties of Microporous Breathable Films O-U. O P Q R S T U Formulation XC1-2- XC1-2- XC1-2- XC1-2- XC1-2- XC1-2- XC1-2- .4 .5 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 Pre-stretch 50 50 70 50 50 70 50 MD IMG? Yes No No Yes No No Yes Polymer/Polymer Blend Blend Blend Blend Sole D350 640 640 640 Sole Sole Sole Compound Physical Property Units CF T998K5 T998K5 T998K5 T998K5 T998K5 T998K5 Basis Weight g/m2 11.37    13.24 13.67 13.59 12.23 12.19 12.20 Density g/cc 1.     1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. Light Transmission % 44.4   43.0 41.2 42.4 45.5 46.1 45.2 Gloss—In % @ 45° 7.3    8.6 8.8 8.7 6.8 6.9 6.6 Gloss—Out % @ 45° 7.3    9.0 8.9 8.7 7.0 6.8 6.9 COF, Static—In\In — 0.593     0.553 0.513 0.518 0.598 0.587 0.585 COF, Static—Out\Out — 0.597     0.510 0.523 0.493 0.537 0.565 0.565 COF, Kinetic—In\In — 0.498     0.456 0.440 0.451 0.465 0.472 0.465 COF, Kinetic—Out\Out — 0.483     0.441 0.436 0.440 0.460 0.461 0.464 WVTR 100K g/m2/day   Tensile Gauge MD mil 0.31    0.36 0.38 0.37 0.35 0.33 — Force @ Peak MD g/in 1,354 854 863 891 693 715 764 Strain @ Peak MD % 175 157 175 192 241 206 247 Force @ Break MD g/in 1,278 797 844 865 684 685 764 Strain @ Break MD % 176 174 177 195 241 207 247 Force @ Yield MD g/in 357 670 614 783 304 314 310 Strain @ Yield MD % 10  13 11 15 11 11 11 Force @ 5% Strain MD g/in 208 329 293 333 218 212 213 Force @ 10% Strain MD g/in 352 589 557 600 298 304 304 Force @ 25% Strain MD g/in 493 787 774 798 344 368 354 Force @ 50% Strain MD g/in 536 758 743 766 354 384 364 Force @ 100% Strain MD g/in 666 762 751 768 367 405 377 TEA MD FtLb/in2 1,477 1,342   1,271 1,487 1,056 1,018 — Elmendorf Tear MD Arm g 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Elmendorf Tear MD gf 4.9*   5* 4.6* 5.4* 16.2* 13.4* 14.9* Tensile Gauge TD mil 0.31    0.36 0.38 0.37 0.35 0.33 0.34 Force @ Peak TD g/in 224 265 291 258 261 217 274 Strain @ Peak TD % 476 449 504 445 463 402 464 Force @ Break TD g/in 216 256 280 247 251 200 267 Strain @ Break TD % 481 454 508 452 466 409 467 Force @ Yield TD g/in 161 204 197 198 190 172 193 Strain @ Yield TD % 28  27 29 27 30 30 29 Force @ 5% Strain TD g/in 90 102 100 102 84 81 88 Force @ 10% Strain TD g/in 117 143 138 141 121 113 127 Force @ 25% Strain TD g/in 157 199 190 194 182 164 186 Force @ 50% Strain TD g/in 170 217 212 213 202 186 206 Force @ 100% Strain TD g/in 168 211 209 208 197 183 201 TEA TD FtLb/in2 1,021 1,013   1,100 964 1,008 850 1,087 Elmendorf Tear TD Arm g 1,600 1,600   1,600 1,600 800 1,600 1,600 Elmendorf Tear TD gf 323 414 350 453 274 380 340 Dart Drop (26″) g 169  64 62 59 125 124 112 § Slow Puncture—¼″ (D3) gf 275 284 307 279 243 232 237
Example 3—Comparative Examples Showing Physical Properties of Conventional Microporous Breathable Films
• Data for a series of microporous breathable films prepared by conventional methods (e.g., Windmoeller & Hoelscher blown MDO film, cast MDO films, and cast IMG films) are shown in Table 8 below. Data for a series of microporous breathable films prepared by a vacuum box process in accordance with the present teachings are shown in Table 9 below.
• As shown by the data in Table 8, the blown MDO film exhibits poor strain and tear properties. Moreover, the strain at peak MD corresponding to the films in Table 9 are substantially higher than those in Table 8. In addition, the films in Table 9 exhibit excellent Dart Drop and slow puncture characteristics.
• TABLE 8 Comparative Data for Microporous Breathable Films Prepared by Conventional Processes. XC5-121- XC5-121- XC3-121- .0 .1 XC3-121- .0 W&H XPC1 XPC (/ (/ .1M 16 gsm Blown (Cast (Cast FilmLink FilmLink 16 gsm (Cast IMG) Physical Property Units MDO MDO) MDO) 500) 500) (Cast IMG) (MCA data) Basis Weight gsm 16.7 19.2 15.5 15.4 17.42 15.8 Gauge mil 0.55 0.52 0.45 WVTR 100K g/m2/ day Force @ Peak MD g/in 2,167 950 Strain @ Peak MD % 58 85 139 84 83 193 179 Force @ 5% Strain MD g/in 487 361 388 Force @ 10% Strain MD g/in 842 616 652 Force @ 25% Strain MD g/in 1,765 734 814 Force @ 50% Strain MD g/in 2,080 734 Elmendorf Tear MD gf 2 7 7.4 Force @ Peak TD g/in 211 268 285 288 296 256 341 Strain @ Peak TD % 25 394 377 215 336 458 473 Force @ 5% Strain TD g/in 149 174 117 Force @ 10% Strain TD g/in 194 229 158 Force @ 25% Strain TD g/in 210 240 270 215 233 198 236 Force @ 50% Strain TD g/in 202 267 202 Elmendorf Tear TD gf 73 126 146
• TABLE 9 Physical Properties of Microporous Breathable Films V-AA. Stretching 50% Pre- 50% Pre- 50% Pre- 70% Pre- stretch 50% Pre- 70% Pre- stretch stretch stretch w/MD IMG stretch stretch w/MD IMG Polymer/Polymer Blend Blend / Blend / Blend / Sole Sole D350 D350 D350 Physical Property Units V W X Y Z AA Basis Weight gsm 11.32 12.19 11.63 11.79 11.05 11.37 Gauge mil 0.3 0.34 0.31 0.33 0.3 0.31 WVTR 100K g/m2/ day Force @ Peak MD g/in 690 887 660 Strain @ Peak MD % 217 220 193 178 150 175 Force @ 5% Strain MD g/in 191 205 186 201 216 208 Force @ 10% Strain MD g/in 270 295 272 339 370 352 Force @ 25% Strain MD g/in 323 361 334 468 542 493 Force @ 50% Strain MD g/in 343 387 358 508 598 536 Elmendorf Tear MD gf 13.8 9.4 14.2 4.4 5 4.4 Force @ Peak TD g/in 204 212 194 254 218 224 Strain @ Peak TD % 403 407 400 505 487 476 Force @ 5% Strain TD g/in 77 79 76 89 84 90 Force @ 10% Strain TD g/in 106 108 100 123 111 117 Force @ 25% Strain TD g/in 151 153 140 170 149 157 Force @ 50% Strain TD g/in 171 175 160 179 160 170 Elmendorf Tear TD gf 312 229 213 417 297 323 Dart Drop g 124 128 125 160 154 169 Slow Puncture gf 214 229 213 296 275 275
Example 4—Skinless Microporous Breathable Films
• A series of 16 skinless microporous breathable films having a structure BBBBB were prepared from the formulation XC1-2-.0 shown in Table 10. The composition of compound CF is given above in Table 4.
• The 16 films were subjected to the following different processing conditions: basis weights (9 gsm vs. 12 gsm), pre-stretch (35%/35% vs. 50%/50%), depth of engagement (0.070 vs. 0.085), and post-stretch (0% vs. 30%). The physical properties of the resultant films are summarized in Table 11-12.
• TABLE 10 Composition of Formulation XC1-2-.0 Used to Make BBBBB Skinless Microporous Breathable Films. Component B extruder 70% Heritage CF (100%) 28% LL 1% Ampacet PA (process aid)
• In Tables 11-12, the legend W/X/Y/Z is a shorthand nomenclature signifying basis weight (gsm)/pre-stretch/depth of engagement of IMG rolls/post-stretch. For example, the designation 9/35/070/0 represents a basis weight of 9 gsm, 35%/35% pre-stretch, a depth of engagement of 70 mm, and 0% post-stretch.
• TABLE 11 Physical Properties of Skinless Microporous Breathable Films A1-H1. A1 B1 C1 D1 E1 F1 G1 H1 W/X/Y/Z 9/35/ 9/35/ 9/35/ 9/35/ 9/50/ 9/50/ 9/50/ 9/50/ Physical Properties Units 070/0 070/30 085/0 085/30 070/0 070/30 085/0 085/30 Gauge mil 0.20 0.24    0.24 0.24    0.25 0.24 0.23 0.25 Basis Weight g/m2 7.74 8.58    8.95 8.76    9.12 8.79 8.70 9.08 Density g/cc 1. 1.     1. 1.     1. 1. 1. 1. Emboss Depth mil 0.37 0.30    0.30 0.37    0.27 0.30 0.30 0.33 Light Transmission % 56.2 51.7   54.1 48.4   53.1 50.1 50.5 47.7 WVTR 100K g/m2/     day Tensile Gauge MD mil 0.21 0.24    0.24 0.24    0.25 0.24 0.23 0.25 Force @ Peak MD g/in 687 878 566 570 682 747 657 988 Strain @ Peak MD % 207 162 193 136 177 124 188 158 Force @ Break MD g/in 675 878 566 570 682 747 657 988 Strain @ Break MD % 207 162 193 136 177 124 188 158 Force @ Yield MD g/in 186 191 171 186 196 181 145 205 Strain @ Yield MD % 9 8  9 7  8 6 7 8 Force @ 5% Strain g/in 133 137 121 155 143 159 126 139 MD Force @ 10% Strain g/in 194 217 177 225 211 244 187 236 MD Force @ 25% Strain g/in 233 286 218 291 261 328 238 328 MD Force @ 50% Strain g/in 259 340 245 343 294 399 273 395 MD Force @ 100% Strain g/in 300 455 287 447 360 573 328 533 MD TEA MD FtLb/ 1,259 1,106 923 772 965 838 1,052 1,171 in2 Elmendorf Tear MD g 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Arm Elmendorf Tear MD gf 11.2* 5.1*  13* 9.8*   8* 5.6* 9.6* 5.7* Tensile Gauge TD mil 0.21 0.24    0.24 0.24    0.25 0.24 0.23 0.25 Force @ Peak TD g/in 161 142 172 215 155 134 183 154 Strain @ Peak TD % 518 485 417 449 493 495 476 460 Force @ Break TD g/in 152 142 172 215 155 134 183 154 Strain @ Break TD % 522 485 417 448 494 494 476 459 Force @ Yield TD g/in 116 104 116 138 112 99 117 97 Strain @ Yield TD % 26 22  26 30  24 22 29 26 Force @ 5% Strain g/in 74 62  59 64  70 61 65 44 TD Force @ 10% Strain g/in 92 87  85 95  92 86 86 72 TD Force @ 25% Strain g/in 115 105 113 132 112 102 111 96 TD Force @ 50% Strain g/in 119 110 126 150 118 104 127 111 TD Force @ 100% Strain g/in 115 106 125 150 114 102 126 113 TD TEA TD FtLb/ 1,112 823 836 1,091 868 795 1,013 786 in2 Elmendorf Tear TD g 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 Arm Elmendorf Tear TD gf 293 246 223 215 246 239 240 240 Dart Drop (26″) g 114 105 120 124 123 100 121 104 § Slow Puncture— gf 134 164 149 209 164 193 173 196 ¼″ (D3)
• TABLE 12 Physical Properties of Skinless Microporous Breathable Films I1-P1. I1 J1 K1 L1 M1 N1 O1 P1 W/X/Y/Z 12/35/ 12/35/ 12/35/ 12/35/ 12/50/ 12/50/ 12/50/ 12/50/ Physical Properties Units 070/0 070/30 085/0 085/30 070/0 070/30 085/0 085/30 Gauge mil 0.31 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.33 0.31 0.32    0.32 Basis Weight g/m2 11.57 11.79 11.61 11.43 12.16 11.43 12.12    11.85 Density g/cc 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.     1. Emboss Depth mil 0.43 0.43 0.50 0.40 1.07 0.57 1.00    0.63 Light Transmission % 48.5 45.6 46.3 43.6 46.0 44.1 42.2   41.6 WVTR 100K g/m2/   day Tensile Gauge MD mil 0.31 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.32    0.32 Force @ Peak MD g/in 892 1,121 761 1,205 1,174 972 714 984 Strain @ Peak MD % 257 207 259 207 252 159 207 168 Force @ Break MD g/in 892 1,121 761 1,205 1,160 972 714 984 Strain @ Break MD % 257 207 259 207 252 159 207 168 Force @ Yield MD g/in 229 281 232 249 272 296 251 285 Strain @ Yield MD % 9 9 10 9 9 9 10  9 Force @ 5% Strain g/in 168 201 169 164 189 210 181 201 MD Force @ 10% Strain g/in 238 295 235 266 282 316 254 302 MD Force @ 25% Strain g/in 280 367 279 353 345 411 311 392 MD Force @ 50% Strain g/in 303 413 300 407 377 477 344 454 MD Force @ 100% Strain g/in 337 489 330 494 427 595 392 558 MD TEA MD FtLb/ 1,315 1,354 1,230 1,422 1,652 1,027 1,003 1,069   in2 Elmendorf Tear MD g 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Arm Elmendorf Tear MD gf 21.4* 8.5* 24.8* 12.5* 15.2* 7.3* 18.4*   6* Tensile Gauge TD mil 0.31 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32    0.32 Force @ Peak TD g/in 220 185 257 208 186 188 231 185 Strain @ Peak TD % 486 486 452 430 459 487 405 402 Force @ Break TD g/in 220 185 256 206 186 187 231 184 Strain @ Break TD % 486 486 452 430 461 487 406 401 Force @ Yield TD g/in 156 134 150 142 146 138 168 127 Strain @ Yield TD % 23 21 24 24 21 21 27  23 Force @ 5% Strain g/in 96 83 76 77 97 83 90  68 TD Force @ 10% Strain g/in 127 112 112 108 123 116 123  98 TD Force @ 25% Strain g/in 159 136 152 143 149 140 165 130 TD Force @ 50% Strain g/in 161 141 164 155 152 143 186 148 TD Force @ 100% Strain g/in 157 137 164 158 147 140 184 151 TD TEA TD FtLb/ 964 805 964 836 833 845 872 695 in2 Elmendorf Tear TD g 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 Arm Elmendorf Tear TD gf 328 264 281 293 289 250 324 268 Dart Drop (26″) g 141 116 144 125 160 109 153 141 § Slow Puncture— gf 199 202 209 251 206 221 208 238 ¼″ (D3)
Example 5—Skinned Microporous Breathable Films
• A series of 16 skinned microporous breathable films having a structure CBBBC were prepared from the formulation XC1-22-.0 shown in Table 13. The composition of compound CF is given above in Table 4.
• The 16 films were subjected to the following different processing conditions: basis weights (9 gsm vs. 12 gsm), pre-stretch (35%/35% vs. 50%/50%), depth of engagement (0.07 vs. 0.085), and post-stretch (0% vs. 30%). The physical properties of the resultant films are summarized in Table 14-15.
• TABLE 13 Composition of Formulation XC3-22-.0 Used to Make CBBBC Skinned Microporous Breathable Films. Component B extruder 70% Heritage CF (98%) 28% LL C extruder 100% MobilExxon LD516 (2%)
• In Tables 14-15, the legend W/X/Y/Z is a shorthand nomenclature signifying basis weight (gsm)/pre-stretch/depth of engagement of IMG rolls/post-stretch. For example, the designation 9/35/070/0 represents a basis weight of 9 gsm, 35%/35% pre-stretch, a depth of engagement of 70 mm, and 0 post-stretch.
• TABLE 14 Physical Properties of Skinned Microporous Breathable Films A2-H2. A2 B2 C2 D2 E2 F2 G2 H2 W/X/Y/Z 9/35/ 9/35/ 9/35/ 9/35/ 9/50/ 9/50/ 9/50/ 9/50/ Physical Properties Units 070/0 070/30 085/0 085/30 070/0 070/30 085/0 085/30 Gauge mil    0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25    0.24 0.30 0.25 0.26 Basis Weight g/m2    9.27 9.01 9.13 9.10    8.90 10.88 9.07 9.45 Density g/cc     1. 1. 1. 1.     1. 1. 1. 1. Emboss Depth mil    0.70 0.57 0.37 0.20    0.30 0.57 0.30 0.27 Light Transmission %   53.9 51.6 51.0 49.2   52.3 46.0 50.6 46.4 WVTR 100K g/m2/     day Tensile Gauge MD mil    0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25    0.24 0.30 0.25 0.26 Force @ Peak MD g/in 722 882 665 661 675 1,031 611 754 Strain @ Peak MD % 232 180 236 152 176 159 172 125 Force @ Break MD g/in 722 882 665 661 675 1,031 611 754 Strain @ Break MD % 232 180 236 152 176 159 172 125 Force @ Yield MD g/in 139 201 215 258 237 252 225 171 Strain @ Yield MD %  4 8 10 10  9 8 10 6 Force @ 5% Strain g/in 147 160 143 161 160 197 151 178 MD Force @ 10% Strain g/in 221 253 214 253 242 318 228 284 MD Force @ 25% Strain g/in 261 319 253 320 294 410 280 379 MD Force @ 50% Strain g/in 285 363 275 368 329 474 315 450 MD Force @ 100% Strain g/in 321 444 308 451 393 601 376 601 MD TEA MD FtLb/ 1,294   1,240 1,249 926 1,065   1,115 941 851 in2 Elmendorf Tear MD g 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Arm Elmendorf Tear MD gf  11* 5.4* 12.5* 6.3*   7* 4.6* 9.8* 4.6* Tensile Gauge TD mil    0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25    0.24 0.30 0.25 0.26 Force @ Peak TD g/in 196 165 217 190 181 195 180 174 Strain @ Peak TD % 540 510 464 465 514 524 461 440 Force @ Break TD g/in 192 165 216 190 181 195 180 174 Strain @ Break TD % 540 511 465 465 514 524 461 440 Force @ Yield TD g/in 118 104 123 111 112 135 105 104 Strain @ Yield TD %  24 23 28 29  24 20 28 26 Force @ 5% Strain g/in  68 58 56 53  66 89 56 54 TD Force @ 10% Strain g/in  92 83 81 75  88 114 75 76 TD Force @ 25% Strain g/in 119 106 118 106 112 138 102 103 TD Force @ 50% Strain g/in 125 111 136 125 120 142 118 121 TD Force @ 100% Strain g/in 122 112 136 128 119 140 121 125 TD TEA TD FtLb/ 1,080   917 1,025 940 1,029   969 887 824 in2 Elmendorf Tear TD g 1,600   1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600   1,600 1,600 1,600 Arm Elmendorf Tear TD gf 277 246 220 262 271 225 248 233 Dart Drop (26″) g 146 124 157 122 129 131 122 120 § Slow Puncture— gf 152 177 158 197 167 224 182 220 ¼″ (D3)
• TABLE 15 Physical Properties of Skinned Microporous Breathable Films I2-P2. I2 J2 K2 L2 W/X/Y/Z 12/35/ 12/35/ 12/35/ 12/35/ Physical Properties Units 070/0 070/30 085/0 085/30 Gauge mil 0.34 0.34 0.34    0.32 Basis Weight g/m2 12.30 12.00 12.24    11.46 Density g/cc 1. 1. 1.     1. Emboss Depth mil 0.50 0.33 0.43    0.60 Light Transmission % 49.3 46.2 45.7   44.2 WVTR 100K g/m2/   day Tensile Gauge MD mil 0.34 0.34 0.34    0.32 Force @ Peak MD g/in 945 1,067 818 1,123   Strain @ Peak MD % 263 187 272 224 Force @ Break MD g/in 945 1,066 817 1,122   Strain @ Break MD % 263 187 272 224 Force @ Yield MD g/in 280 309 270 302 Strain @ Yield MD % 10 9 10  10 Force @ 5% Strain g/in 195 207 197 188 MD Force @ 10% Strain g/in 281 317 271 295 MD Force @ 25% Strain g/in 326 397 313 373 MD Force @ 50% Strain g/in 350 446 335 415 MD Force @ 100% Strain g/in 386 541 366 479 MD TEA MD FtLb/ 1,369 1,166 1,302 1,465   in2 Elmendorf Tear MD g 200 200 200 200 Arm Elmendorf Tear MD gf 18.6* 8.4* 23.6*  11* Tensile Gauge TD mil 0.34 0.32 0.34    0.32 Force @ Peak TD g/in 273 235 262 254 Strain @ Peak TD % 521 503 401 471 Force @ Break TD g/in 273 234 262 253 Strain @ Break TD % 521 502 402 472 Force @ Yield TD g/in 162 160 176 144 Strain @ Yield TD % 23 21 27  26 Force @ 5% Strain g/in 94 98 89  71 TD Force @ 10% Strain g/in 128 130 124 103 TD Force @ 25% Strain g/in 165 163 173 142 TD Force @ 50% Strain g/in 171 167 194 164 TD Force @ 100% Strain g/in 168 166 191 167 TD TEA TD FtLb/ 1,060 1,028 879 982 in2 Elmendorf Tear TD g 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600   Arm Elmendorf Tear TD gf 328 340 266 333 Dart Drop (26″) g 197 159 208 164 § Slow Puncture— gf 207 242 237 274 ¼″ (D3) M2 N2 O2 P2 W/X/Y/Z 12/50/ 12/50/ 12/50/ 12/50/ Physical Properties Units 070/0 070/30 085/0 085/30 Gauge mil 0.34    0.35    0.32 0.34 Basis Weight g/m2 12.53    12.39    11.81 12.21 Density g/cc 1.     1.     1. 1. Emboss Depth mil 0.57    0.30    0.43 0.57 Light Transmission % 46.3   43.5   44.9 40.8 WVTR 100K g/m2/     day Tensile Gauge MD mil 0.34    0.35    0.32 0.34 Force @ Peak MD g/in 1,117 1,216   1,014   1,143 Strain @ Peak MD % 248 175 254 171 Force @ Break MD g/in 1,117 1,216   1,014   1,141 Strain @ Break MD % 248 175 254 171 Force @ Yield MD g/in 292 364 271 264 Strain @ Yield MD % 10  10  10 7 Force @ 5% Strain g/in 200 235 180 207 MD Force @ 10% Strain g/in 295 367 271 331 MD Force @ 25% Strain g/in 355 467 326 438 MD Force @ 50% Strain g/in 387 530 356 505 MD Force @ 100% Strain g/in 438 652 400 626 MD TEA MD FtLb/ 1,472 1,229   1,465   1,152 in2 Elmendorf Tear MD g 200 200 200 200 Arm Elmendorf Tear MD gf 12.2*   6*  13* 5.8* Tensile Gauge TD mil 0.34    0.35    0.32 0.34 Force @ Peak TD g/in 251 203 262 206 Strain @ Peak TD % 505 481 463 392 Force @ Break TD g/in 251 203 262 206 Strain @ Break TD % 505 481 463 391 Force @ Yield TD g/in 165 146 150 141 Strain @ Yield TD % 23  22  26 25 Force @ 5% Strain g/in 102  89  77 71 TD Force @ 10% Strain g/in 133 119 108 102 TD Force @ 25% Strain g/in 168 148 149 141 TD Force @ 50% Strain g/in 175 154 171 162 TD Force @ 100% Strain g/in 172 154 173 166 TD TEA TD FtLb/ 1,015 821 993 715 in2 Elmendorf Tear TD g 1,600 1,600   1,600   1,600 Arm Elmendorf Tear TD gf 333 263 282 292 Dart Drop (26″) g 169 150 173 143 § Slow Puncture— gf 244 262 225 275 ¼″ (D3)
Example 6—Microporous Breathable Films with Exceptionally Low Basis Weights
• Two microporous breathable films A3 and B3 having a structure CBBBC were prepared from the formulation XC3-22-.0 shown in Table 13. The physical properties of the resultant films are shown in Table 16.
• In Table 16, the legend X/Y/Z is a shorthand nomenclature signifying pre-stretch/depth of engagement of IMG rolls/post-stretch. For example, the designation 50/085/0 corresponding to film A2 represents a 50%/50% pre-stretch, a depth of engagement of 85 mm, and 0% post-stretch. Surprisingly and unexpectedly, the films A2 and B2 exhibit high Dart Impact Strength (e.g., greater than 90 grams) in spite of exceptionally low basis weights (e.g., less than 9 gsm).
• TABLE 16 Physical Properties of Skinned Microporous Breathable Films A3 and B3. A3 B3 X/Y/Z Physical Properties Units 50/085/0 50/085/30 Gauge mil 0.23 0.19 Basis Weight g/m2 8.42 7.03 Density g/cc 1. 1. Emboss Depth mil 0.20 0.33 Light Transmission % 51.1 51.9 WVTR 100K g/m2/day Tensile Gauge MD mil 0.23 0.19 Force @ Peak MD g/in 723 584 Strain @ Peak MD % 182 95 Force @ Break MD g/in 723 584 Strain @ Break MD % 182 95 Force @ Yield MD g/in 214 19 Strain @ Yield MD % 9 0 Force @ 5% Strain MD g/in 137 133 Force @ 10% Strain MD g/in 219 235 Force @ 25% Strain MD g/in 273 326 Force @ 50% Strain MD g/in 308 398 Force @ 100% Strain MD g/in 375 480 TEA MD FtLb/in2 1,144 703 Elmendorf Tear MD Arm g 200 200 Elmendorf Tear MD gf 7.1* 3.3* Tensile Gauge TD mil 0.23 0.19 Force @ Peak TD g/in 198 107 Strain @ Peak TD % 501 425 Force @ Break TD g/in 198 107 Strain @ Break TD % 501 425 Force @ Yield TD g/in 108 68 Strain @ Yield TD % 28 23 Force @ 5% Strain TD g/in 50 38 Force @ 10% Strain TD g/in 74 55 Force @ 25% Strain TD g/in 104 70 Force @ 50% Strain TD g/in 122 81 Force @ 100% Strain TD g/in 121 84 TEA TD FtLb/in2 1,067 701 Elmendorf Tear TD Arm g 1,600 1,600 Elmendorf Tear TD gf 203 152 Dart Drop (26″) g 102 93 § Slow Puncture - ¼″ (D3) gf 155 154
• The overall thickness of the microporous breathable film may be varied depending on the particular end use for which the film is manufactured. In illustrative embodiments, films in accordance with the present disclosure have a thickness that is less than typical thicknesses for microporous breathable films. As described above, the beneficial properties of microporous breathable films prepared in accordance with the present disclosure by using a vacuum box, air knife, and/or air blanket to cast a molten web against a chill roll may include one or more of reduced basis weight, increased Dart Impact Strength, increased strain at peak machine direction, and/or the like, and may allow the films to be used at a decreased gauge or thickness as compared to conventional microporous breathable films. However, basis weights and thicknesses may be easily adjusted to fit a desired end use.
Example 7—Polypropylene Microporous Breathable Films
• Polypropylene microporous breathable films A4 through D4 having a structure A/B/A (20/60/20 layering), and polypropylene microporous breathable films E4 through H4 having a structure A/B/A (10/80/10 layering), were prepared from the formulation XC3-828- shown in Table 17. The composition of compounds TJ2 and CF* shown in Table 17 is specified in Table 18 below.
• TABLE 17 Composition of XC3-828- Used to Make ABA Skinned Polypropylene Microporous Breathable Films Amount of Layer % Component EXTRUDER (Total) COMPONENT (Weight %) A 40 TJ2 60 (split) (Heritage Plastics) C702-20 39 (Braskem, polypropylene impact copolymer) 1 (fluoroelastomer processing aid) B 60 CF* 70 EXCEED LL 30 (ExxonMobil, metallocene polyethylene)
• TABLE 18 Composition of CaCO3 Compounds used in the Formulation of Table 17. TJ2 CF* Component Amount of Component Amount of Component C702-20 30 ExxonMobil P 26 FilmLink 500 70 60 (CaCO3) TiO2 14 antioxidant 0.15 0.15
• The physical properties of the resultant polypropylene films are shown in Table 19 below. The films A4, B4, E4, and F4 were not subjected to any post-stretching, whereas the films C4, D4, G4, and H4 received 30% post-stretch. The films A4, B4, C4, and D4 have a 20/60/20 A/B/A layering, whereas the films E4, F4, G4, and H4 have a 10/80/10 A/B/A layering.
• As shown in Table 19, the 16-gsm film D4 exhibits an impressive force at peak MD of g/in and an impressive force at 25% strain MD of 475 g/in. The force at 25% strain MD measurement reflects the degree to which a film may be stretched when pulled (e.g., by a consumer). In addition, as shown in Table 19, the 16-gsm film D4 also exhibits a high TEA MD of Ft·Lb/in2, which is a measure of the toughness of the film (wherein higher numbers corresponding to increased robustness).
• The 16-gsm film D4 shown in Table 19 was ultrasonically bonded to a 17-gsm spunbond polypropylene homopolymer material by Herrmann Ultrasonics. The film D4 was bonded to the polypropylene homopolymer using microgap control, a 20-kHz ultrasonic horn, and a bond roll having a discrete bond pattern. The ultrasonically bonded material thus formed exhibited good bonding characteristics and represents an example of how a film in accordance with the present disclosure may be bonded to a nonwoven material without the use of an adhesive. As such, a film in accordance with the present disclosure (e.g., a polypropylene film including but not limited to the film D4 shown in Table 19) may be desirable for use in forming personal hygiene products (e.g., including but not limited to incontinence briefs, adult underpads for incontinence, surgical gowns, drapes, feminine hygiene products), and Protective Apparel such as garments, aprons, gloves or the like).
• TABLE 19 Physical Properties of Skinned Microporous Breathable Films A4-H4 Prepared from Formulation XC3-828-. 20/60/20 Layering 10/80/10 Layering 30% Post-stretch 30% post-stretch Physical Properties Units A4 B4 C4 D4 E4 F4 G4 H4 Basis Weight g/m2 10.47 12.94 11.79 15.71 11.79 15.56 11.85 15.81 Light Transmission % 58.4 55.3 51 45.4 54.5 50.7 50.2 44.9 WVTR g/m2/ day Tensile Gauge MD mil 0.29 0.37 0.33 0.45 0.33 0.44 0.32 0.35 Force @ Peak MD g/in 495 563 789 619 718 739 Strain @ Peak MD % 309 328 281 318 354 390 275 308 Force @ Break MD g/in 476 540 764 616 704 731 992 Strain @ Break MD % 310 331 282 319 354 390 275 308 Force @ Yield MD g/in 229 293 322 444 254 313 282 388 Strain @ Yield MD % 9 8 10 10 8 8 9 10 Force @ 5% Strain MD g/in 209 276 260 369 233 291 227 317 Force @ 10% Strain MD g/in 233 298 323 446 259 317 286 391 Force @ 25% Strain MD g/in 246 308 357 475 269 319 314 423 Force @ 50% Strain MD g/in 245 301 356 472 265 315 323 429 Force @ 100% Strain MD g/in 254 308 373 490 271 318 340 448 TEA MD FtLb/ in2 Elmendorf Tear MD g 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Arm ††††Elmendorf Tear gf 25.1 68.12 25.7 48.56 62.28 98.12 29.6 46.88 MD Tensile Gauge TD mil 5.07 0.37 0.33 0.45 0.33 0.44 0.32 0.44 Force @ Peak TD g/in 254 395 288 414 326 472 265 433 Strain @ Peak TD % 316 482 417 435 471 493 407 468 Force @ Break TD g/in 246 383 281 405 324 467 261 423 Strain @ Break TD % 339 483 420 436 472 493 409 469 Force @ Yield TD g/in 181 233 194 276 197 268 182 258 Strain @ Yield TD % 13 14 16 16 14 14 15 15 Force @ 5% Strain TD g/in 114 148 120 171 129 179 117 162 Force @ 10% Strain TD g/in 171 214 173 248 183 247 166 235 Force @ 25% Strain TD g/in 199 235 202 286 201 271 190 266 Force @ 50% Strain TD g/in 198 237 205 288 197 265 196 274 Force @ 100% Strain TD g/in 205 241 208 289 199 271 192 269 TEA TD FtLb/ 705 977 in2 Elmendorf Tear TD g 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 Arm Elmendorf Tear TD gf 150.2 165.9 210.2 254.3 184.1 210.1 263.4 271.0 Dart Drop (26″) g 65 123 148 154 132 176 87 173 § Slow Puncture— gf 140 177 186 241 170 206 180 244 ¼″ (D3)
Example 8—Polyethylene-Blended Polypropylene Microporous Breathable Films
• Polypropylene microporous breathable films I4 through L4 having a structure A/B/A (20/60/20 layering) were prepared from the formulation XC3-222- shown in Table 20. The composition of compound CF* shown in Table 20 is specified above in Table 18.
• TABLE 20 Composition of XC3-222- Used to Make ABA Skinned Polyethylene-Blended Polypropylene Microporous Breathable Films Amount of Layer % Component EXTRUDER (Total) COMPONENT (Weight %) A 40 CF* 70 (split) (Heritage Plastics) C702-20 29 (Braskem, polypropylene impact copolymer) 1 (processing aid) B 60 CF* 70 EXCEED LL 30 (ExxonMobil, metallocene polyethylene)
• The physical properties of the resultant polyethylene with blended polypropylene films are shown in Table 21 below. The films I4 and K4 were not subjected to any post-stretching, whereas the films J4 and L4 received 30% post-stretch. The films I4, J4, K4, and L4 have a 20/60/20 A/B/A layering.
• TABLE 21 Physical Properties of Skinned Microporous Breathable Films I4-J4 Prepared from Formulation XC3-222-. Properties Units I4 J4 K4 L4 Amount of Post- 0% 30% 0% 30% Stretching Gauge mil 0.33 0.32 0.43 0.43 Basis Weight g/m2 12.16 11.69 15.86 15.70 Density g/cc 1.45 1.42 1.44 1.43 Light Transmission % 52.1 49.2 47.3 42.6 WVTR g/m2/day Tensile Gauge MD mil 0.33 0.32 0.43 0.43 Force @ Peak MD g/in 867 1,003 1,061 1,600 Strain @ Peak MD % 343 276 397 337 Force @ Break MD g/in 867 1,002 1,060 1,598 Strain @ Break MD % 343 276 397 338 Force @ Yield MD g/in 259 287 338 443 Strain @ Yield MD % 7 9 8 9 Force @ 5% Strain MD g/in 238 225 317 357 Force @ 10% Strain MD g/in 269 294 343 452 Force @ 25% Strain MD g/in 283 338 347 495 Force @ 50% Strain MD g/in 292 357 351 508 Force @ 100% Strain MD g/in 313 396 366 543 TEA MD FtLb/in2 1,643 1,627 1,762 2,238 Elmendorf Tear MD Arm g 200 200 200 200 ††††Elmendorf Tear MD gf 41 16 70 40 Tensile Gauge TD mil 0.33 0.32 0.43 0.43 Force @ Peak TD g/in 310 265 590 456 Strain @ Peak TD % 433 492 545 524 Force @ Break TD g/in 310 265 588 456 Strain @ Break TD % 433 492 546 524 Force @ Yield TD g/in 227 166 308 256 Strain @ Yield TD % 17 18 16 18 Force @ 5% Strain TD g/in 154 107 209 162 Force @ 10% Strain TD g/in 202 144 277 222 Force @ 25% Strain TD g/in 232 171 314 264 Force @ 50% Strain TD g/in 224 172 303 264 Force @ 100% Strain TD g/in 221 172 299 264 TEA TD FtLb/in2 1,149 1,084 1,687 1,365 Elmendorf Tear TD Arm g 800 800 800 800 Elmendorf Tear TD gf 256 286 280 409 Dart Drop (26″) g 160 163 235 216 § Slow Puncture-1/4″ gf 162 176 197 224 (D3)
• As shown in Table 21, the 16-gsm film L4 exhibits an impressive force at peak MD of 1,600 Win and an impressive force at 25% strain MD of 495 Win. In addition, as shown in Table 21, the 16-gsm film D4 also exhibits a high TEA MD of 2,238 Ft·Lb/in2, which is a measure of the toughness of the film (with higher numbers corresponding to increased robustness).
• Surprisingly and unexpectedly, the polyethylene-blended polypropylene film L4 manufactured from the formulation XC3-222- is softer to the touch than the pure polypropylene film D4 manufactured from the formulation XC3-828-. Moreover, surprisingly and unexpectedly, a polyethylene-blended polypropylene film (e.g., the film L4 shown in Table 21) may exhibit better properties that a pure polypropylene film (e.g., the film D4 shown in Table 19).
• The 16-gsm film L4 shown in Table 21 was ultrasonically bonded to a 17-gsm spunbond polypropylene homopolymer material by Herrmann Ultrasonics. The film L4 was bonded to the polypropylene homopolymer using microgap control, a 20-kHz ultrasonic horn with a width of 150 mm, and a bond roll having a discrete bond pattern. The ultrasonically bonded material thus formed exhibited good bonding characteristics and represents a further example of how a film in accordance with the present disclosure may be bonded to a nonwoven material without the use of an adhesive. As such, a film in accordance with the present disclosure (e.g., a polyethylene-blended polypropylene film including but not limited to the film L4 shown in Table 21) may be desirable for use in forming personal hygiene products (e.g., including but not limited to incontinence briefs, surgical gowns, feminine hygiene products, and/or the like).
Example 9—Pressure Penetration Through a Fabric (PPT) Testing of Polyethylene-Blended Polypropylene Microporous Breathable Films and Comparative Polypropylene Non-Breathable Films
• Pressure penetration of simulated blood was tested using the “Pressure Penetration Through a Fabric (PPT)” test. The PPT test is used to determine whether or not, and to what degree, simulated blood penetrates through a fabric or film under pressure for a specified time.
• A sample is placed on a blotter paper on a flat surface and challenged by a 70% IPA/water solution containing Astrazon Red Violet dye for 3 minutes while under a 1 psi load. The number of red spots showing on the blotter paper are determined and recorded. The test solution contains 70% IPA/30% DI water with 0.1% (1 gram per liter or 0.1 gm per 100 ml) of Astrazon Red Violet 3RN liquid dye added for visibility. This method is performed in a lab at standard atmosphere for testing textiles: 70° F. (20° C.), 65% RH.
• In the PPT test, the pre-marked blotter paper is laid on a hard, flat surface near a sink. A 3″×3′″ test specimen is placed, face side up, on the blotter on each of the 4 or 6 pre-marked lane squares. A 2″×2″ piece of absorbent spun-bond non-woven fabric is placed in the center of each specimen. A pipette is filled with the test solution and the 2″×2″ nonwoven is saturated with it. A cylindrical, 2.0″ diameter; 3.14 lb (1.0 psi) weight is placed on top of the saturated specimen and a timer is started. After 3.0 minutes, the weights are removed and all except the blotter paper are discarded. The blotter paper is examined, and all red spots are counted. The number of red spots is recorded. A size limit may be specified for red spots to be counted. If one large red blotch is present, the result may be recorded as “99.”
• Polypropylene microporous breathable film samples A5-05 having a structure A/B/A (20/60/20 layering) were prepared from the formulation XC3-222- shown in Table 20 above. Polypropylene microporous breathable film samples D5-F5 having a structure A/B/A (20/60/20 layering) were prepared from the formulation XC3-828- shown in Table 17 above. Polypropylene microporous cored film samples G5 and H5 having a structure A/B/A (20/60/20 layering) were prepared from the formulation XC3-828- shown in Table 22 below. The microporous cored films have a microporous core layer, but are not breathable as they have solid skin layers surrounding the breathable core layer. The composition of compound CF* shown in Table 22 is specified above in Table 18.
• TABLE 22 Composition of XC3-828- Used to Make ABA Skinned Polyethylene-Blended Polypropylene Microporous Breathable Films Amount of Layer % Component EXTRUDER (Total) COMPONENT (Weight %) B 60 CF* 70 (Heritage Plastics) EXCEED LL 30 (ExxonMobil, metallocene polyethylene) C 40 C702-20 90 (split) (Braskem, polypropylene impact copolymer) LGA-105 10 ExxonMobil, low density polyethylene)
• The PPT Test Data for the polyethylene-blended polypropylene microporous breathable films A5-H5 are summarized in Table 23 below.
• TABLE 23 PPT Test Data for Polyethylene-Blended Polypropylene Microporous Breathable Films A5-H5. Basis Bonding % Red Weight Force Sample Area Formulation (gsm) (Newtons) Bond Quality A5 0 XC3-222- 16 600 Destruct Bond B5 1.5 XC3-222- 16 Destruct Bond C5 3 XC3-222- 16 Destruct Bond D5 3 XC3-828- 16 600 Destruct Bond E5 3 XC3-828- 16 Destruct Bond F5 3 XC3-828- 16 Destruct Bond G5 10 XC3-828- 9 600 Destruct Bond H5 33 XC3-828- 9 Destruct Bond
• Additional PPT testing on films A5-H5 was performed using a 6-inch square film. The nonwoven side of the film was placed on the blotter paper, and 3 cm 3 of dye was added for a duration of 30 seconds. The results of this additional testing are shown in Table 24 below.
• TABLE 24 Additional PPT Test Data for Polyethylene-Blended Polypropylene Microporous Breathable Films A5-H5. Basis Bonding No. Red Weight Force Sample Dots Formulation (gsm) (Newtons) Bond Quality A5 4 XC3-222- 16 400 Destruct Bond B5 8 XC3-222- 16 Destruct Bond C5 36 XC3-222- 16 Destruct Bond D5 8 XC3-828- 16 400 Destruct Bond E5 29 XC3-828- 16 Destruct Bond F5 82 XC3-828- 16 Destruct Bond G5 45 XC3-828- 9 400 Destruct Bond H5 138 XC3-828- 9 Destruct Bond
• For comparative purposes, polypropylene-containing non-breathable film samples A6-F6 having a structure A/B/A (20/60/20 layering) were prepared from the formulation XP-SX shown in Table 25 below.
• TABLE 25 Composition of XP-SX Used to Make ABA Skinned Polyethylene- Blended Polypropylene Non-Breathable Films Amount of Layer % Component EXTRUDER (Total) COMPONENT (Weight %) A 40 Total 25 (split) (polypropylene impact copolymer with melt mass-flow rate = 20 g/10 min) Exxon Mobil PD 63 (polypropylene homopolymer with MFR = 36 g/10 min) LGA-105 12 ExxonMobil, low density polyethylene) B 60 Total 14 ExxonMobil PD 52 LGA105 12 Ampacet P 22 (White PE Masterbatch)
• The PPT Test Data for the comparative polyethylene-blended polypropylene non-breathable films A6-F6 are summarized in Table 26 below.
• TABLE 26 PPT Test Data for Polyethylene-Blended Polypropylene Non-Breathable Films A6-D6. Basis Bonding % Weight Force Sample Failure Formulation (gsm) (Newtons) Bond Quality A6 0 XP-SX 13 600 Slight Bond Easily Peeled B6 5 XP-SX 13 Destruct Bond C6 5 to 10 XP-SX 13 Destruct Bond D6 0 XP-SX 9 600 Slight Bond Easily Peeled E6 5 XP-SX 9 Destruct Bond F6 20  XP-SX 9 Destruct Bond
• As shown by the data in Tables 23 and 24, polyethylene cored films with polypropylene containing skins in accordance with the present disclosure were able to provide a destruct bond at a low bonding force (e.g., 600 Newtons). By comparison, as shown by the data in Table 26, polyethylene-blended with polypropylene non-cavitated films were unable to provide a destruct bond at such a comparably low bonding force despite the high level of polypropylene in the formula. Moreover, while the PPT test results for the microporous breathable films A5-G5 are comparable to the PPT test results for the non-breathable films A6-E6, it is surprising and unexpected that a microporous breathable film in accordance with the present disclosure is able to provide barrier performance comparable to that of a non-breathable film while further providing breathability.
Example 10—Multi-Layer Breathable Barrier Films
• Four hybrid microporous-monolithic multi-layer breathable barrier films A7-D7 having polyethylene-containing microporous breathable skins, a thermoplastic copolyester elastomer core, and an A/B/C/B/A structure were prepared from the formulation XC5--.0 shown in Table 27 below.
• TABLE 27 Composition of XC5--.0 Used to Make ABCBA Multi-Layer Breathable Barrier Films A7-D7. Amount of Layer % Component EXTRUDER (Total) COMPONENT (Weight %) A 62.5 Heritage CF* 80 EXCEED LL 19 (ExxonMobil, metallocene polyethylene resin) Ampacet PA 1 (process aid) B 30 Heritage CF* 80 ELVALOY AC 20 (DuPont, ethylene and 9% methyl acrylate copolymer) C 7.5 ARNITEL VT 90 (DSM, thermoplastic copolyester elastomer) BYNEL 22E757 10 (DuPont, modified ethylene acrylate)
• Four hybrid microporous-monolithic multi-layer breathable barrier films E7-H7 having polypropylene-containing microporous breathable skins, a thermoplastic copolyester elastomer core, and an A/B/C/B/A structure were prepared from the formulation XC5-828-.0 shown in Table 28 below.
• TABLE 28 Composition of XC5-828-.0 Used to Make ABCBA Multi-Layer Breathable Barrier Films E7-H7. Amount of Layer % Component EXTRUDER (Total) COMPONENT (Weight %) A 62.5 Heritage TJ2 70 C702-20 29 (Braskem, polypropylene impact copolymer) Ampacet PA 1 (process aid) B 30 Heritage CF* 70 EXCEED LL 11 (ExxonMobil, metallocene polyethylene resin) ELVALOY AC 19 (DuPont, ethylene and 9% methyl acrylate copolymer) C 7.5 ARNITEL VT 90 (DSM, thermoplastic copolyester elastomer) BYNEL 22E757 10 (DuPont, modified ethylene acrylate)
• Four hybrid microporous-monolithic multi-layer breathable barrier films I7-L7 having polyethylene-containing microporous breathable skins, a thermoplastic polyester elastomer core, and an A/B/C/B/A structure were prepared from the formulation XC5--.0 shown in Table 29 below.
• TABLE 29 Composition of XC5--.0 Used to Make ABCBA Multi-Layer Breathable Barrier Films I7-L7. Amount of Layer % Component EXTRUDER (Total) COMPONENT (Weight %) A 62.5 Heritage CF* 80 EXCEED LL 19 (ExxonMobil, metallocene polyethylene resin) Ampacet PA 1 (process aid) B 30 Heritage CF* 80 ELVALOY AC 20 (DuPont, ethylene and 9% methyl acrylate copolymer) C 7.5 HYTREL HTR 90 (DuPont, thermoplastic polyester elastomer) BYNEL 22E757 10 (DuPont, modified ethylene acrylate)
• Four hybrid microporous-monolithic multi-layer breathable barrier films M7-P7 having polypropylene-containing microporous breathable skins, a thermoplastic polyester elastomer core, and an A/B/C/B/A structure were prepared from the formulation XC5--.0 shown in Table 30 below.
• TABLE 30 Composition of XC5--.0 Used to Make ABCBA Multi-Layer Breathable Barrier Films M7-P7. Amount of Layer % Component EXTRUDER (Total) COMPONENT (Weight %) A 62.5 Heritage TJ2 70 C702-20 29 (Braskem, polypropylene impact copolymer) Ampacet PA 1 (process aid) B 30 Heritage CF* 70 EXCEED LL 11 (ExxonMobil, metallocene polyethylene resin) ELVALOY AC 19 (DuPont, ethylene and 9% methyl acrylate copolymer) C 7.5 HYTREL HTR 90 (DuPont, thermoplastic polyester elastomer) BYNEL 22E757 10 (DuPont, modified ethylene acrylate)
• The composition of the CaCO3-containing compound CF* shown in Tables 27-30, and the composition of the CaCO3-containing compound TJ2 shown in Tables 28 and 30, are specified in Table 18 above.
• The physical properties of the resultant films A7-H7 are shown in Table 31 below, and the physical properties of the resultant films I7-P7 are shown in Table 32 below. Each of films A7-P7 received 30% post-stretch. The alcohol penetration test data shown in Tables 31 and 32 represents the degree to which the monolithic layer remains intact, with values between 0 and 10 being indicative of particularly good performance. As shown in Tables 31 and 32, many of the films exhibit high Dart Impact Strength (e.g., greater than 90 grams) in spite of low basis weights (e.g., 12 gsm).
• TABLE 31 Physical Properties of Skinned Multi-Layer Breathable Barrier Films A7-D7 Prepared from Formulation XC5--.0 and Films E7-H7 Prepared from Formulation XC5-828-.0. XC5--.0 A7 B7 C7 D7 ASTM CD IMG Depth Properties Units Test Method .08″ .08′ .100″ .100″ Basis Weight gsm 12 25 12 25 Alcohol % 5 5 20 10 Penetration Test Gauge mil D 0.27 0.58 0.30 0.62 Basis Weight g/m2 Tappi T410 11.20 23.21 12.21 24.32 Density g/cc D 1. 1. 1. 1. Emboss Depth mil — 0.63 0.77 0.63 0.97 Light % D 46.8 31.4 43.0 29.2 Transmission Gloss—In % @ 45° D 5.8 6.4 6.4 7.0 Gloss—Out % @ 45° D 5.7 6.5 6.1 7.2 COF, Static— — D 0.550 0.505 0.533 0.497 In\In COF, Static— — D 0.510 0.492 0.567 0.495 Out\Out COF, Kinetic— — D 0.501 0.456 0.502 0.467 In\In COF, Kinetic— — D 0.495 0.473 0.494 0.452 Out\Out WVTR 100K g/m2/day D Tensile Gauge mil D 0.27 0.58 0.30 0.62 MD Force @ Peak g/in D882 576 1,056 706 1,083 MD Strain @ Peak % D882 140 251 175 283 MD Force @ Break g/in D882 576 1,055 706 1,083 MD Strain @ Break % D882 140 251 175 283 MD Force @ Yield g/in D882 349 573 384 597 MD Strain @ Yield % D882 13 14 15 15 MD Force @ 5% g/in D882 205 358 197 384 Strain MD Force @ 10% g/in D882 316 513 318 526 Strain MD Force @ 25% g/in D882 421 649 452 663 Strain MD Force @ 50% g/in D882 463 712 528 742 Strain MD Force @ 100% g/in D882 513 782 597 794 Strain MD Secant Modulus PSI D882 34,630 34,095 27,794 32,937 MD (1%) TEA MD FtLb/in2 D882 887 1,272 1,182 1,382 Elmendorf Tear g 200 200 200 200 MD Arm ††††Elmendorf gf D 4.2* 16.8* 5.8* 32.2* Tear MD Tensile Gauge mil D 0.27 0.58 0.30 0.62 TD Force @ Peak g/in D882 223 368 316 553 TD Strain @ Peak % D882 67 121 108 345 TD Force @ Break g/in D882 181 354 286 548 TD Strain @ Break % D882 307 306 262 392 TD Force @ Yield g/in D882 122 271 136 442 TD Strain @ Yield % D882 8 15 12 33 TD Force @ 5% g/in D882 89 143 74 162 Strain TD Force @ 10% g/in D882 135 217 121 253 Strain TD Force @ 25% g/in D882 193 317 218 407 Strain TD Force @ 50% g/in D882 216 348 292 494 Strain TD Force @ 100% g/in D882 215 363 313 514 Strain TD Secant Modulus PSI D882 14,557 16,922 13,146 11,895 TD (1%) TEA TD FtLb/in2 D882 804 647 892 1,139 Elmendorf Tear g 800 400 800 800 TD Arm ††††Elmendorf gf D 224 313 185 295 Tear TD Dart Drop (26″) g D 58 100 63 126 Method A § Slow Puncture— gf D 167 293 186 356 ¼″ (D3) XC5-828-.0 E7 F7 G7 H7 ASTM CD IMG Depth Properties Units Test Method .08″ .08″ .100″ .100″ Basis Weight gsm 12 25 12 25 Alcohol % 0 0 10 0 Penetration Test Gauge mil D 0.35 0.73 0.32 0.76 Basis Weight g/m2 Tappi T410 12.83 25.33 12.05 27.20 Density g/cc D 1. 1. 1. 1. Emboss Depth mil — 0.67 1.13 0.60 1.33 Light % D 54.9 40.9 52.2 35.0 Transmission Gloss—In % @ 45° D 4.6 5.4 5.1 6.1 Gloss—Out % @ 45° D 4.6 5.5 5.0 5.7 COF, Static— — D 0.750 0.610 0.702 0.625 In\In COF, Static— — D 0.712 0.573 0.728 0.605 Out\Out COF, Kinetic— — D 0.648 0.599 0.627 0.583 In\In COF, Kinetic— — D 0.633 0.557 0.675 0.579 Out\Out WVTR 100K g/m2/day D Tensile Gauge mil D 0.35 0.73 0.32 0.76 MD Force @ Peak g/in D882 836 1,357 732 1,220 MD Strain @ Peak % D882 175 296 189 276 MD Force @ Break g/in D882 836 1,357 732 1,219 MD Strain @ Break % D882 175 296 189 276 MD Force @ Yield g/in D882 547 845 484 799 MD Strain @ Yield % D882 14 13 14 12 MD Force @ 5% g/in D882 323 601 298 605 Strain MD Force @ 10% g/in D882 478 791 429 767 Strain MD Force @ 25% g/in D882 635 922 559 878 Strain MD Force @ 50% g/in D882 706 980 629 939 Strain MD Force @ 100% g/in D882 760 1,043 677 999 Strain MD Secant Modulus PSI D882 57,518 59,234 50,836 53,702 MD (1%) TEA MD FtLb/in2 D882 1,311 1,613 1,376 1,345 Elmendorf Tear g 200 200 200 200 MD Arm ††††Elmendorf gf D 4.8* 18.9* 4.2* 17.7* Tear MD Tensile Gauge mil D 0.35 0.73 0.32 0.76 TD Force @ Peak g/in D882 380 604 360 769 TD Strain @ Peak % D882 109 156 82 311 TD Force @ Break g/in D882 337 584 336 769 TD Strain @ Break % D882 231 362 164 311 TD Force @ Yield g/in D882 197 387 141 653 TD Strain @ Yield % D882 10 14 9 29 TD Force @ 5% g/in D882 134 238 98 226 Strain TD Force @ 10% g/in D882 204 357 161 367 Strain TD Force @ 25% g/in D882 312 523 280 621 Strain TD Force @ 50% g/in D882 361 586 344 701 Strain TD Force @ 100% g/in D882 376 597 316 716 Strain TD Secant Modulus PSI D882 20,398 19,466 16,248 14,795 TD (1%) TEA TD FtLb/in2 D882 838 1,027 598 1,045 Elmendorf Tear g 200 200 200 200 TD Arm ††††Elmendorf gf D 56 124 48 122 Tear TD Dart Drop (26″) g D 66 107 68 126 Method A § Slow Puncture— gf D 225 432 216 519 ¼″ (D3)
• TABLE 32 Physical Properties of Skinned Multi-Layer Breathable Barrier Films I7-L7 Prepared from Formulation XC5--.0 and Films M7-P7 Prepared from Formulation XC5--.0. XC5--.0 I7 J7 K7 L7 ASTM CD IMG Depth Properties Units Test Method .08″ .08′ .100″ .100″ Basis Weight gsm 12 25  12  25 Alcohol % 30 40  70  20 Penetration Test Gauge mil D 0.31 0.62    0.30    0.62 Basis Weight g/m2 Tappi T410 12.66 24.25    11.89    23.87 Density g/cc D 1. 1.     1.     1. Emboss Depth mil — 0.47 1.07    0.43    0.80 Light % D 44.8 29.1    43.1    31.5 Transmission Gloss—In % @ 45° D 6.9 7.7    6.8    7.4 Gloss—Out % @ 45° D 7.1 7.7    7.0    7.4 COF, Static— — D 0.510 0.467     0.537     0.495 In\In COF, Static— — D 0.505 0.493     0.497     0.473 Out\Out COF, Kinetic— — D 0.461 0.451     0.474     0.453 In\In COF, Kinetic— — D 0.467 0.466     0.476     0.445 Out\Out WVTR 100K g/m2/day D   867 Tensile Gauge mil D 0.31 0.62    0.30    0.62 MD Force @ Peak g/in D882 738 1,027 650 1,034   MD Strain @ Peak % D882 164 269 214 165 MD Force @ Break g/in D882 738 1,027 650 1,034   MD Strain @ Break % D882 165 269 214 165 MD Force @ Yield g/in D882 516 671 395 812 MD Strain @ Yield % D882 14 16  16  13 MD Force @ 5% g/in D882 270 403 202 470 Strain MD Force @ 10% g/in D882 454 582 319 731 Strain MD Force @ 25% g/in D882 589 736 451 912 Strain MD Force @ 50% g/in D882 647 795 513 965 Strain MD Force @ 100% g/in D882 689 836 550 1,001   Strain MD Secant Modulus PSI D882 36,432 33,636 29,191   38,151   MD (1%) TEA MD FtLb/in2 D882 1,259 1,335 1,385   925 Elmendorf Tear g 200 200 200 200 MD Arm ††††Elmendorf gf D 4.8* 30.7*   7*  12* Tear MD Tensile Gauge mil D 0.31 0.62    0.30    0.62 TD Force @ Peak g/in D882 291 517 311 448 TD Strain @ Peak % D882 68 361  75 154 TD Force @ Break g/in D882 219 514 257 403 TD Strain @ Break % D882 350 426 260 393 TD Force @ Yield g/in D882 109 400  85 261 TD Strain @ Yield % D882 7 33  6  13 TD Force @ 5% g/in D882 89 148  78 171 Strain TD Force @ 10% g/in D882 139 230 124 255 Strain TD Force @ 25% g/in D882 230 372 220 386 Strain TD Force @ 50% g/in D882 280 464 297 439 Strain TD Force @ 100% g/in D882 286 479 306 436 Strain TD Secant Modulus PSI D882 17,210 13,696 13,826   16,351   TD (1%) TEA TD FtLb/in2 D882 937 1,130 809 910 Elmendorf Tear g 800 800 800 800 TD Arm ††††Elmendorf gf D 302 326 188 457 Tear TD Dart Drop (26″) g D 48 112  62  69 Method A § Slow Puncture— gf D 190 363 180 353 ¼″ (D3) XC5--.0 M7 N7 O7 P7 ASTM CD IMG Depth Properties Units Test Method .08″ .08″ .100″ .100″ Basis Weight gsm  12 25  12 25 Alcohol %  30 5  25 10 Penetration Test Gauge mil D    0.34 0.64    0.33 0.67 Basis Weight g/m2 Tappi T410    12.54 22.58    12.58 24.35 Density g/cc D     1. 1.     1. 1. Emboss Depth mil —    0.73 1.13    0.80 1.37 Light % D    53.6 42.0   50.1 36.1 Transmission Gloss—In % @ 45° D    4.3 5.4    4.5 5.4 Gloss—Out % @ 45° D    4.3 5.3    4.3 5.4 COF, Static— — D     0.663 0.573     0.657 0.622 In\In COF, Static— — D     0.623 0.602     0.690 0.573 Out\Out COF, Kinetic— — D     0.619 0.571     0.607 0.568 In\In COF, Kinetic— — D     0.594 0.569     0.581 0.549 Out\Out WVTR 100K g/m2/day D     Tensile Gauge mil D    0.34 0.64    0.33 0.67 MD Force @ Peak g/in D882 562 861 522 910 MD Strain @ Peak % D882 112 133 178 242 MD Force @ Break g/in D882 553 859 522 910 MD Strain @ Break % D882 166 150 178 242 MD Force @ Yield g/in D882 431 726 393 705 MD Strain @ Yield % D882  11 10  13 12 MD Force @ 5% g/in D882 293 553 250 481 Strain MD Force @ 10% g/in D882 424 730 366 668 Strain MD Force @ 25% g/in D882 501 801 425 734 Strain MD Force @ 50% g/in D882 538 835 444 753 Strain MD Force @ 100% g/in D882 559 856 475 788 Strain MD Secant Modulus PSI D882 49,001   52,989 44,211   44,802 MD (1%) TEA MD FtLb/in2 D882 938 701 905 1,052 Elmendorf Tear g 200 200 200 200 MD Arm ††††Elmendorf gf D   4* 3.8*    3.7* 3.6* Tear MD Tensile Gauge mil D    0.34 0.64    0.33 0.67 TD Force @ Peak g/in D882 336 526 290 474 TD Strain @ Peak % D882  69 76 109 102 TD Force @ Break g/in D882 331 523 290 474 TD Strain @ Break % D882  85 87 109 102 TD Force @ Yield g/in D882  77 139  62 120 TD Strain @ Yield % D882  4 4  4 6 TD Force @ 5% g/in D882 96 167  76 120 Strain TD Force @ 10% g/in D882 150 241 115 180 Strain TD Force @ 25% g/in D882 255 393 190 302 Strain TD Force @ 50% g/in D882 320 499 257 418 Strain TD Force @ 100% g/in D882 — — 296 481 Strain TD Secant Modulus PSI D882 17,634   19,055 13,466   13,455 TD (1%) TEA TD FtLb/in2 D882 252 205 281 205 Elmendorf Tear g 200 200 200 200 TD Arm ††††Elmendorf gf D    17.5* 18.5*  22* 28.7* Tear TD Dart Drop (26″) g D — 48  47 77 Method A § Slow Puncture— gf D 191 337 199 397 ¼″ (D3)
• As shown by the data in Tables 31 and 32, multi-layer breathable barrier films in accordance with the present disclosure are able to achieve low alcohol penetration (e.g., 0% to 10%) at low basis weights (e.g., 12 gsm).
Example 11—Tie Resin-Free and Tie Resin-Containing Multi-Layer Breathable Barrier Films
• A tie resin-containing multi-layer breathable barrier film A8 having polypropylene microporous breathable skins, a thermoplastic copolyester elastomer core, and an A/B/C/B/A structure was prepared from the formulation XC5--.6A shown in Table 33 below. The tie resin (BYNEL 22E757) is a modified ethylene acrylate.
• TABLE 33 Composition of Tie Resin-Containing ABCBA Multi-Layer Breathable Barrier Film Made from Formulation XC5--.6A. Amount of Layer % Component Layer (Total) COMPONENT (Weight %) A 62.5 TR1 75 C702-20 24 (Braskem, polypropylene impact copolymer) Ampacet PA 1 (process aid) B 30 TR1 75 EXCEED LL 15 (ExxonMobil, metallocene polyethylene resin) BYNEL 22E757 10 (DuPont, modified ethylene acrylate) C 7.5 ARNITEL VT 90 (DSM, thermoplastic copolyester elastomer) BYNEL 22E757 10 (DuPont, modified ethylene acrylate)
• A tie resin-free multi-layer breathable barrier film B8 having polypropylene microporous breathable skins, a thermoplastic copolyester elastomer core, and an A/B/C/B/A structure was prepared from the formulation XC5--.1 shown in Table 34 below.
• TABLE 34 Composition of Tie Resin-Free ABCBA Multi-Layer Breathable Barrier Film Made from Formulation XC5--.1. Amount of Layer % Component Layer (Total) COMPONENT (Weight %) A 62.5 TR1 75 C702-20 24 (Braskem, polypropylene impact copolymer) Ampacet PA 1 (process aid) B 30 TR1 75 EXCEED LL 25 (ExxonMobil, metallocene polyethylene resin) C 7.5 ARNITEL VT 100 (DSM, thermoplastic copolyester elastomer)
• The composition of the CaCO3-containing compound TR1 shown in Tables 33 and 34 is specified in Table 35 below.
• TABLE 35 Composition of CaCO3 Compound TR1 used in the Formulation of Tables 33 and 34. Amount of Component Component (Weight %) EXCEED PA (ExxonMobil, 30 3.5 MI, .918 g/cm3 mLLDPE resin) FilmLink 500 (CaCO3) 70 Thermal stabilizers (minor)
• The physical properties of the resultant films A8 and B8 are shown in Table 36 below. Each of films A8 and B8 received 25% post-stretch and was subjected to CD IMG stretching at a depth of 0.1 inches.
• TABLE 36 Physical Properties of Tie Resin-Containing Film A8 Prepared from Formulation XC5--.6A and Tie Resin-Free Film B8 Prepared from Formulation XC5--.1. Properties Units A8 B8 Gauge mil 0.38    0.36 Basis Weight g/m2 13.17    12.53 Density g/cc 1.     1. Light Transmission % 55.9   60.6 Treat-In Dyne/cm 34  34 Treat-Out Dyne/cm 36  36 WVTR 100K g/m2/day   Tensile Gauge MD mil 0.38    0.36 Stress @ Peak MD grams/inch 878 932 Strain @ Peak MD % 227 246 Stress @ Break MD grams/inch 878 931 Strain @ Break MD % 227 246 Stress @ Yield MD grams/inch 339 353 Strain @ Yield MD % 10  10 Stress @ 5% Strain MD grams/inch 245 247 Stress @ 10% Strain MD grams/inch 338 352 Stress @ 25% Strain MD grams/inch 406 424 Stress @ 50% Strain MD grams/inch 450 470 Stress @ 100% Strain MD grams/inch 516 532 Secant Modulus MD (1%) grams/inch 28,597 38,403   TEA MD FtLb/in2 1,227 1,486   Elmendorf Tear MD Arm g 200 200 ††††Elmendorf Tear MD gf 8.7*   8* Tensile Gauge TD mil 0.38    0.36 Stress @ Peak TD grams/inch 402 414 Strain @ Peak TD % 356 374 Stress @ Break TD grams/inch 401 414 Strain @ Break TD % 357 374 Stress @ Yield TD grams/inch 203 199 Strain @ Yield TD % 29  28 Stress @ 5% Strain TD grams/inch 80  82 Stress @ 10% Strain TD grams/inch 120 122 Stress @ 25% Strain TD grams/inch 191 189 Stress @ 50% Strain TD grams/inch 246 244 Stress @ 100% Strain TD grams/inch 257 261 Secant Modulus TD (1%) PSI 11,904 13,430   TEA TD FtLb/in2 971 1,094   Elmendorf Tear TD Arm g 200 200 Elmendorf Tear TD gf 100  91 Dart Drop (26″) g 101 115 § Slow Puncture-1/4″ gf 266 254 (D3)
• Surprisingly and unexpectedly, it was possible to successfully produce rolls of film that were subsequently hot melt-adhesively-laminated to a nonwoven layer with both the tie resin-containing formulation XC5--.6A and the tie resin-free formulation XC5--.1. Heretofore, it had been believed that a tie resin adhesive would be required to keep the layers from separating during manufacture or handling. However, a manufacturing process in accordance with the present disclosure utilizing CD IMG activation allows the layers to remain together, thereby dispensing with the requirement of a tie resin.
• As shown by the data in Table 36, excellent WVTR values and Dart Impact Strength were obtained in spite of the low basis weights of the films and the use of polypropylene (normally a brittle polymer with orientation) in the structure.

Claims (21)

1-23. (canceled) 24. A microporous breathable film comprising a polyolefin and an inorganic filler dispersed in the polyolefin, wherein the microporous breathable film has a basis weight of less than about 14 gsm and a Dart Impact Strength of greater than about 50 grams. 25. The microporous breathable film of claim 24, wherein the polyolefin comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, or a combination thereof. 26. The microporous breathable film of claim 24, wherein the polyolefin comprises low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, ultra-low density polyethylene, or a combination thereof. 27. The microporous breathable film of claim 24, wherein the polyolefin comprises linear low density polyethylene. 28. The microporous breathable film of claim 24, wherein the polyolefin comprises linear low density polyethylene and the linear low density polyethylene comprises a metallocene polyethylene. 29. The microporous breathable film of claim 24, wherein the polyolefin comprises polypropylene. 30. The microporous breathable film of claim 24, wherein the inorganic filler comprises from about 30% to about 75% by weight of the microporous breathable film. 31. The microporous breathable film of claim 24, wherein an average particle size of the inorganic filler is between about 0.1 microns and about 15 microns. 32. The microporous breathable film of claim 24, wherein the inorganic filler is selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, alumina, mica, talc, silica, clay, glass spheres, titanium dioxide, aluminum hydroxide, zeolites, and a combination thereof. 33. The microporous breathable film of claim 24, wherein the inorganic filler comprises an alkali metal carbonate, an alkaline earth metal carbonate, an alkali metal sulfate, an alkaline earth metal sulfate, or a combination thereof. 34. The microporous breathable film of claim 24, wherein the inorganic filler comprises calcium carbonate. 35. The microporous breathable film of claim 24, wherein the microporous breathable film has a basis weight of less than about 12 gsm. 36. The microporous breathable film of claim 35, wherein the Dart Impact Strength is greater than about 90 grams. 37. The microporous breathable film of claim 36, wherein the microporous breathable film has a strain at peak machine direction of at least about 125%. 38. The microporous breathable film of claim 35, wherein the microporous breathable film has a strain at peak machine direction of at least about 125%. 39. The microporous breathable film of claim 35, wherein the microporous breathable film has a basis weight of less than about 10 gsm. 40. The microporous breathable film of claim 39, wherein the Dart Impact Strength is greater than about 90 grams. 41. The microporous breathable film of claim 40, wherein the microporous breathable film has a strain at peak machine direction of at least about 125%. 42. The microporous breathable film of claim 24, wherein the Dart Impact Strength is greater than about 90 grams. 43. The microporous breathable film of claim 24, wherein the microporous breathable film has a strain at peak machine direction of at least about 125%. US18/524,734 -07-10 -11-30 Microporous breathable film and method of making the microporous breathable film Pending USA1 (en)

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The Growing Importance of Breathable Film Masterbatch

In the evolving landscape of packaging materials, the advent of breathable film masterbatch has garnered significant attention. This innovative additive plays a crucial role in enhancing film properties, making it indispensable for various applications. Understanding its advantages is essential for manufacturers looking to improve product performance and sustainability.

For more information, please visit breathable film water remover masterbatch.

What is Breathable Film Masterbatch?

Before diving into its benefits, it's important to define what breathable film water remover masterbatch is. This masterbatch consists of polymer additives designed to allow moisture vapor to pass through while preventing the ingress of liquid water. This unique characteristic makes it ideal for applications including food packaging, agricultural films, and medical supplies.

Key Benefits of Breathable Film Masterbatch

1. Enhanced Moisture Control

One of the primary benefits of breathable film masterbatch is its ability to control moisture. These films maintain the right humidity levels within packaging, which is critical for perishable goods. For example, in the food industry, breathable films can extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables by minimizing condensation and mold growth.

2. Improved Product Quality

Using breathable film masterbatch can significantly improve the quality of packaged products. For instance, in the case of fresh produce, the right moisture environment prevents wilting and decay. Companies that employ this technology can signify higher quality in their offerings, enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty.

3. Versatile Applications

The versatility of breathable film masterbatch makes it suitable for a wide range of applications across different industries. Whether in agriculture, food packaging, or medical supplies, its adaptability allows for customized solutions tailored to specific needs. Marketers should focus on the broad use cases, such as using breathable films in greenhouses to increase crop yield by controlling humidity levels.

4. Sustainability and Environmental Impact

As sustainability becomes an increasing focus in production, breathable film masterbatch offers an eco-friendly alternative. By optimizing moisture control, these films reduce food waste and conserve resources through improved product longevity. Companies can also market their use of sustainable materials, giving them a competitive edge in today's environmentally conscious market.

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5. Cost-Effectiveness

Investing in breathable film masterbatch can lead to cost savings in the long run. By reducing spoilage and waste through better moisture management, manufacturers can save on losses due to damaged products. Additionally, fewer replacements and lower energy costs associated with climate control in storage spaces contribute to overall cost efficiency.

Common Questions About Breathable Film Masterbatch

Q: Can breathable films be used for all types of packaging?

A: While breathable films are highly versatile, their suitability depends on the specific application. They are ideal for products needing moisture control but may not replace traditional films for all items. Always assess the product requirements before choosing a breathable solution.

Q: How does breathable film masterbatch affect the production process?

A: Incorporating breathable film water remover masterbatch into the production process requires some adjustments. It's essential to ensure compatibility with existing materials and equipment. Testing and optimizing processing conditions will yield the best performance results.

Q: Is breathable film masterbatch environmentally friendly?

A: Yes, many breathable film masterbatches are designed to be environmentally friendly. By reducing waste and extending shelf life, these materials contribute to sustainability goals in packaging. Always verify the product specifications to ensure environmental compliance.

Implementing Breathable Film Masterbatch in Your Business

Adopting breathable film masterbatch into your packaging strategy can revolutionize your product offerings. Begin by researching suppliers who provide high-quality masterbatch, and consider conducting trials to assess performance in your specific applications. Collaborating with R&D teams can also help in customizing films for optimal results tailored to your business needs.

Conclusion: Embrace Innovation for Better Packaging Solutions

In conclusion, the world of packaging is moving towards innovative solutions like breathable film masterbatch. By understanding its benefits and applications, manufacturers can enhance product quality, improve sustainability, and ultimately satisfy customer demands. This strategic investment not only fosters efficiency but positions businesses as leaders in the industry.