There’s nothing more frustrating than anchor issues when it’s time to install a wall and begin constructing a wood frame building. More than ever anchor issues are on the rise and slab loads are steadily increasing with the rise in floor levels. With developers looking to get more out of available property, many engineers and general contractors are challenged with slab design requirements and anchoring solutions. The increased demand is putting more attention and investment into the slab anchoring solutions.
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Here are a few types of anchors and their pros and cons:
Drill and Epoxy
Epoxy Anchoring has become increasingly popular with general contractors and installers because of its lower cost and ease of installation. Epoxy anchors are drilled and installed post pour of the concrete slab, so the margin of error for placement is drastically reduced. The problem with drill and epoxy is the potential for improper hole preparation before installation of the epoxy. Many variables can quickly become an engineer’s and general contractor’s worst nightmare. If epoxy is not installed and cured properly, then the epoxy will no longer maintain the required load value to ensure structural integrity of the anchor. Read “Top 5 Epoxy Anchoring Mistakes” for further information.
Cast-in-Place
Cast-in-place anchor bolts are the simplest and most common type of fastener. With newer multi-residential wood frame structure being built on podium slabs and using post tension concrete, drill and epoxy is not a favorable option because of the potential of drilling into a tension cable. Cast-in-place anchors are the best solution for most projects. However, placing anchors can be difficult to accurately position before the casting of concrete. The margin of error is small, so post pour issues can cause many headaches. It’s not uncommon to miss wall locations which cause project delays by two to three days. If missed, engineers and general contractors have to design an alternative solution that meets the required load values.
Embed Plates
Embed plates are a prominent anchor that can provide some tolerance when installing. However, the prep work to fabricate, plan, and the cost of labor to layout embed plates is unfavorable. For this reason, general contractors tend to shy away from using embed plates if possible. The embed plates will be placed during the casting of concrete. Then, a coupling nut or threaded rod are welded to the plate. It is the placement of welding the threaded rod that gives some tolerance because the plate provides a larger surface area. But, it is possible embed plate locations are missed or don’t even make it into the forms prior to the concrete being poured. These field fixes are not easily dealt with, and can delay construction two to three days, again waiting for redesigned anchors and fabrication.
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Wet Set Anchors
In wet set anchoring, the anchor bolts are sunk into the wet concrete by hand immediately after the concrete slab is poured. The bolt is left sticking out of the slab as needed and can be straightened or plumbed as the concrete hardens. The level of tolerance is minimal and the timeframe to install is under a crunch. So, due to the time crunch it’s very common to miss a location or incorrectly install wet set anchors.
Anchorage to Steel Beam
Anchoring to steel beams is common among buildings with large lobbies or interior club houses. A misplaced steel anchor on a steel frame can be more easily moved or replaced, by means of grinding off welds, removing bolts, etc, and relocating the anchor to the correct location. This is an advantage of welding anchors to steel beams. However, the welding still has to be completed before the wall sill plate to reduce the risk of a fire.
The bottom line is anchors are vital to the success of your project timeline and structural integrity of buildings. Start off on the right path with anchor design and the entire job will go smoother.
1, The application scope of chemical anchor bolts
Chemical anchor bolts are high-strength and highly reliable anchoring materials with a wide range of applications. Not only can it be used in the installation of post embedded parts in curtain walls and marble dry hanging construction, but it is also widely used in various fields such as equipment installation, highway, bridge guardrail installation, and building reinforcement and renovation. The application range of chemical anchor bolts is very wide, with stable and reliable effects, making them popular.
The chemical anchor bolt we use is a composite component that uses a specially designed chemical adhesive to bond and fix the screw in the drilling hole of the concrete substrate, in order to achieve anchoring of the fixed component. Stainless steel A4 anchor bolts can be used in outdoor, humid spaces, industrial pollution areas, and nearshore areas; Galvanized steel and stainless steel A4 are not suitable for damp spaces containing chlorine. Moreover, chemical anchor bolts are also suitable for fixing substrates with small wheelbase and multiple anchoring points, and have the advantages of special application scenarios.
2, Can chemical anchor bolts be used for curtain wall embedded parts?
The production and installation of curtain wall embedded parts require the use of some auxiliary fixing materials, and chemical anchor bolts are one of the very common materials used for fixing curtain wall embedded parts. Although chemical anchor bolts are commonly used for fixing curtain wall embedded parts, chemical anchor bolts also have their shortcomings, mainly manifested in the inability of their chemical agents to withstand high temperatures. Welding high temperatures on the embedded parts after chemical anchor bolts will directly affect their load-bearing capacity.
Strictly speaking, the Shanghai Curtain Wall Code DGJ08-56- does not prohibit the use of chemical anchor bolts. However, this code requires that chemical anchor bolts cannot be completely used during welding operations on rear embedded parts, and stipulates that mechanical bottom expansion anchor bolts should be used for rear embedded parts that require welding operations after being in place, or that chemical anchor bolts and mechanical anchor bolts should be arranged alternately. After more than half of the chemical anchor bolts are in place, welding operations on their components and connectors are not allowed. In summary, even if chemical anchor bolts can be used for fixation, they need to comply with corresponding regulatory requirements and pay attention to the drawbacks of chemical anchor bolts. If it cannot fully comply with the regulations, other feasible fixing methods such as mechanical anchor bolts need to be used.
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